Total Ozone And 11 Year Solar Cycle Environmental Sciences Essay

The main motivation behind the current review is to investigate further into the relationship between whole ozone ( TOZ ) and 11-year sun powered mood ( SC ) , during the period 1979 †2010 by utilizing satellite perceptions of TOZ and drive transition ( MF ) . A positive correlativity between the one-year mean whole ozone ( TOZ ) over the two halves of the globe and macula figure ( SN ) is found. Despite what might be expected, focusing on the January and February mean month to month TOZ changes from the equator to the high scopes, of the Northern Hemisphere no relationship among TOZ and SN is inferred. It is credited to the being of the semi biennial-wavering ( QBO ) and the El Ni and A ; ntilde ; o-Southern swaying ( ENSO ) in TOZ cut arrangement, . Be that as it may, while sing TOZ over the zonary organizations focused at 17.5 and A ; deg ; N and 27.5 and A ; deg ; N and SN during the mature ages of the east phase of QBO in the tropical zonary air current at 50hPa, a signific ant correlativity among TOZ and SN uncovers. These discoveries are vital in light of the fact that sun based radiation is a significant main thrust of the clime framework. 1. Presentation A few surveies have demonstrated that variances in the 11-year sun oriented irradiance and resulting UV absorbing by ozone cause adjustments in temperature and air current in the upper stratosphere ( Crooks and Gray, 2005 ; Alexandris et Al. 1999 ; Kondratyev and Varotsos 1996 ; Katsambas et Al. 1997 ) . These nearly powerless direct adjustments could change the upward augmentation of planetary-scale moving edges and lead to a circuitous input on the lower mood through a modification of the stratospheric mean dissemination †Brewer-Dobson course ( Gernandt et al. 1995 ; Kodera and Kuroda, 2002 ; Tzanis and Varotsos, 2008 ; Cracknell and Varotsos 1994, 1995 ; Efstathiou et al. , 2003 ; Gernandt et al. , 1995 ; Varotsos, 2002, 2005 ; Varotsos et Al. 1994 ; Varotsos 1989, 2004 ) Matthes et Al. ( 2010 ) showed that the one-year mean sunlight based reaction in temperature and ozone in the upper stratosphere is in subjective comprehension with other form and trial surveies and does non rely upon the nearness of the forced semi biennial swaying ( QBO ) of central air current. Be that as it may, the sun powered reaction in the inside to bring down stratosphere contrasts altogether for the two QBO stages. During sunlight based maxima a more vulnerable Brewer-Dobson flow with similar downwelling, warming, and improved ozone happens in the tropical lower stratosphere during QBO east conditions, while a more grounded dissemination, chilling, and diminished ozone exists during QBO west conditions. During QBO east, the mix of creation and shift in weather conditions brought about the net ozone expansion, while during QBO west, the impacts drop one another and outcome in little net ozone adjustments. Matthes et Al. ( 2010 ) indicated other than that during Southern Hemi sphere ( SH ) delinquently winter to late-winter, the sun based reaction at polar scopes switches mark between the two QBO stages and subjectively affirms perceptions and other late hypothetical record surveies. Lu et Al. ( 2009 ) proposed a few infiltrations on the QBO tweaked 11-year sun oriented cadence signals in Northern Hemisphere ( NH ) winter temperature and zonary air current. They utilized everyday ERA-40 Reanalysis and ECMWF Operational data for the time of 1958-2006 so as to break down the occasional advancement of the QBO-sun powered beat relationship at grouped power per unit territory degrees up to the stratopause. The results indicated that the sun oriented signs in the NH winter extratropics are so QBO-stage dependant, voyaging poleward and descending as winter advances with a quicker drop rate under westerly QBO than under eastern QBO. In the stratosphere, the signs appeared to be critical in late January to early March and have a life expectancy of ?30-50 yearss. Under western QBO, the stratospheric sun powered signals plainly lead and associated with those in the troposphere in late March and early April where they have a life expectancy of ?10 yearss. Sitnov ( 2009 ) using whole ozone informations acquired in the time of 1957 †2007 at 10 ground-based European Stationss, researched the impacts of the QBO and 11-year sun powered musicality, authenticating in whole segment ozone. In this work, it was determined that sun oriented movement regulates the phase of the QBO outcome with the goal that the semi biennial whole ozone signals during sunlight based maximum breaking point and sun oriented lower limit are about in inverse stage. It was other than exhibited that stray under enduring states of sun oriented lower limit or sunlight based maximum breaking point the QBO impacts in whole ozone have the clasp graduated table of around 20 months. Titova and Karol ( 2010 ) holding applied the technique for discriminant examination to the TOMS informations of satellite sounding of the whole ozone content ( TOC ) in the March a very long time of 1979-2008, endeavored to do another estimation of the TOC field changeability in the Northern Hemisphere and between longitudinal regularities of its modifications under the activity of climatic fluctuation. The impacts of temperature changes in the polar stratosphere, El Ni and A ; ntilde ; o - Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) and QBO appeared to be practically identical and make 80 DU in certain parts. Titova and Karol ( 2010 ) other than recommended that the pieces of TOC variances and their area and measurements change contingent upon the phases of QBO, AO, and ENSO. Three pieces of expanded TOC-over Europe, Eastern Siberia, and the Pacific Ocean-are framed in mature ages with a warm stratosphere. A counterbalancing TOC decreasing takes topographic point in the Torrid Zones and over Gre enland. In the mature ages of El Ni and A ; ntilde ; O and the eastern QBO stage, the TOC increments over Europe and drops over the cardinal Pacific, each piece great regarding the South from 45 and A ; deg ; N. Ziemke et Al. ( 2010 ) built up an ENSO list using segment ozone informations estimated in tropical scopes from Nimbus 7 TOMS, Earth Probe TOMS, NOAA SBUV, and Aura OMI orbiter instruments. This record, which secured a clasp period from 1979 to the present, was characterized as the Ozone ENSO Index ( OEI ) and it was the principal created from air insight gas measurings. OEI was developed by first averaging month to month normal section ozone more than two wide parts in the western and eastern Pacific and taking their distinction. The joined Aura OMI and MLS ozone informations affirmed that zonary changeability in whole segment ozone in the Torrid Zones brought about by ENSO occasions lies about completely in the troposphere. As a result, OEI can be gotten directly from whole segment ozone then again of tropospheric segment ozone. For clear-sky ozone estimations a +1 K modification in Nino 3.4 file compares to +2.9DU ( Dobson Unit ) adjustment in OEI, while a +1 hPa change in Souther n Oscillation file corresponds with a ?1.7DU modification in the OEI. For ozone measurings under all haze conditions these Numberss are +2.4DU and ?1.4DU, severally. Soukharev ( 1997 ) examining the month to month offices of whole ozone, in months January to March between 1973 †1995 on five Stationss in Northeastern Europe, demonstrated factually significant correlativities between the changes of whole ozone in February and, halfway, in March, and the SN during the various phases of QBO. Comparable correspondence was set up between the file of stratospheric course and SN sing the QBO stage. In light of the got correlativities between the interannual variances of ozone and stratospheric dissemination file, Soukharev inferred that an association between sunlight based cadence †QBO †ozone happens through the kineticss of stratospheric course. Varotsos ( 1989 ) breaking down the planetary TOZ, during the period 1958-1984, proposed that there was non any clear association among TOZ and 10.7 centimeter sun based motion ( F10.7 ) . In any case, when the informations were isolated orchestrating to the E or west phase of QBO in the central stratosphere, it was determined that whole ozone was emphatically related ( anticorrelated ) with the sun based mood, during the West ( east ) phase of QBO. The main reason for this work is to investigate farther the relationship among TOZ and sun oriented movement, from the equator to the high scopes in the two Hemispheres throughout the last three sunlight based rhythms.2. Pieces of information and analysisQBO informations utilized in the current paper were determined at the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory-Physical Science Division ( NOAA/ESRL-PSD ) from the zonary standard of the 30mb zonary air flow at the equator. Those informations were processed from the NCEP/NCAR Furthermore, the normal month to month macula Numberss ( SN ) got from the datasets of the National Geophysical Data Center ( NGDC ) , during the period January 1749 †October 2009, were utilized. TOZ informations set, was gotten from Nimbus-7, Meteor-3, and Earth Probe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS ) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument ( OMI ) , covering the period 1979-2010 ( with estimating spreads for a while of the mature ages 1994, 1995 and 1996 ) . Energy Flux ( MF ) measurings between 45 and A ; deg ; N and 75 and A ; deg ; N, through 1979 †2010, got by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, were other than utilized. At long last, Ozone ENSO record ( OEI ) measurings acquired by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 613.3 Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, in the Torrid Zones during 1979 †2010, were utilized ( Ziemke et al. , 2010 ) . All clasp arrangement introduced in this study were standardized ( the since quite a while ago run mean deducted thus devided by the standard dissimilarity ) and detrended.3. Conversation and ConsequencesSeveral surveies contended that when the sunlight based UV radiation is more grounded, more ozone through the photolysis of O2 would be shaped in the upper stratosphere, so the maximal ozone degree would occur at the maximal sun powered

Gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Groups - Essay Example There are records to demonstrate these cases and with this, they will in general hotel on things, which compound their characters Drugs, burglary, theft, rapes and even homicide are a portion of the violations that they submit. There are measures that are consistently done by the specialists to forestall or if nothing else diminish this sort of exercises. A large portion of the individuals have accused their folks while some credited this sort of event to the mercy of laws especially in adjusting the youngsters, which bargains in saving the bar. The greater part of the pundits concur that this sort of strategy ruins the kids and they moreover feel that they are allowed to would whatever they like to do. These things do happen and guardians are the sharp guilty parties on these. They (guardians) endure such a destiny since it is their duties to bring up their youngsters. In any case, is it enough to accuse the guardians alone How about when these youngsters are out of their homes It is a set up reality that the majority of the young men and young ladies in their adolescence age shows untoward conduct and such events do have various reasons, which the science can't disclose to date. At the point when adolescents submit criminal operations, they were captured and attempted as the greater part of the states here case that it can't endure such untoward conduct. For this situation, clinicians and sociologists concur that so as to address these people, the technique for amending them must be unique in relation to the strategy that the equity framework applies in reproving people in legitimate ages. Adolescent courts are custom fitted for the amendment of minors with the end goal for them to be revised and turn out to be increasingly developed so as to guarantee that they would not submit similar errors once more. Essentially, it is partitioned into three sections isolated into three sorts: free and separate courts, some portion of a family court and unit inside a preliminary court (Miriam Van Waters, p. 299). This court can either analyze or decide the way toward amending a sentenced adolescent. Obviously, the sort of revision is a lot lighter than the indicted criminal on the premise that they are on their delicate or honest years. The court likewise centers around the advancement of these people, instead of discipline. To add to that, the web additionally has the definition on adolescent court: lawful explanations.com (2006) focused on that The court that takes up the situations where there is an inclusion of kids beneath eighteen years old and who are dependant, mishandled, or crazy. Yet, the cases which has been charged on the under age kid as grown-up can't be attempted in this court. Adolescent Courts 3 A pundit asserted, It is difficult to destroy adolescent wrongdoings on the off chance that we don't dive on the roots why these things occur. sufficiently true, as the vast majority of the violations and issues, their underlying foundations must be killed to forestall further damage. In ongoing examinations, most youngsters are engaged with posses and comparative associations exclusively based on peer pressure in which a large portion of them will in general accept that they ought to be associated with such associations for them to adapt up to the general public as the vast majority of them assume. In this sort of circumstance, a specific strategy ought to be finished. In staying away from this sort of situation to occur, one must realize that appropriate instruction among the adolescents ought to be finished. This duty ought not be on the shoulders of

How to Present With Professionalism

How to Present With ProfessionalismIf you are planning to present your ideas and facts, then you should hire a professional presentation presenter. Presenting is a challenging task for any individual or group of people. The problem is that many individuals are not good at presenting. They fear that they cannot do it or they think it is very hard to make presentations successful.The truth is that anyone can learn how to make a professional presentation. There are several techniques you can learn that will enable you to present your idea and/or facts effectively. You can also develop effective presentation strategies if you are not good at writing.The first step is to start by understanding the fact that you do not need to be an expert at anything in order to become a better presenter. In order to know your topic well enough to be able to make a presentation is very important. However, you need to know your subject thoroughly. When you have studied on your topic, you can then start usi ng various presentation techniques that can help you impress your audience. All you need to do is to choose the techniques that best suit your presentation needs.A good presentation will come across as professional and even convincing because it will display good eye contact and will generate a very positive reaction from the audience. If you are a beginner then, don't worry about it. However, if you are already an expert and are having some issues with making presentations, then there are several methods you can adopt to make your presentation seem professional.One of the most effective ways to create a professional presentation is to use a power point presentation. It is not advisable to go for a static presentation. This will show that you are not familiar with presentation techniques. Rather, the presentation should be dynamic and interactive.Another method of using a power point presentation is to avoid using too many slides. Again, this shows that you lack control over the pre sentation. As soon as you enter into the presentation mode, you should go with only one slide per slide in a series. This will prevent you from having to keep asking questions or interrupting the presenter.An excellent way to relate a presentation is to use jokes or anecdotes. These are very easy to relate to and it keeps the audience entertained throughout the presentation. Keep in mind that when you are having a professional presentation, you should keep a relaxed atmosphere and a certain professionalism.Finally, professional presentation is not always done by professionals. Often times, experts who would not normally become professionals use these methods to present their knowledge and expertise. It is possible to find out the right presentation technique you can use when you are working on your presentation.

Effect Of An Augmented Reality Enhanced Mathematics Lesson...

This research article, titled, The Effect of an Augmented Reality Enhanced Mathematics Lesson on Student Achievement and Motivation by Anne Estapa and Larysa Nadolny from Iowa State University, was written with the goal of examining more closely the effect of Augmented Reality-based lessons on student achievement and student motivation in a high school math class. Investigating this question is important because with more and more available technology to use in the classroom, it is essential to examine the effectiveness of it and not implement a certain tool to have technology for technology’s sake. The article discusses in depth the achievement levels and motivations of students who participated in a high school math lesson that involved the use of Augmented Reality, or AR, to reinforce the concept of dimensional analysis. In the article, AR is described as an ideal tool for the mathematics classroom because AR can facilitate things such as â€Å"manipulation, visualizations , and authentic contexts†. Another benefit is that to increase motivation, the researchers used real-world situations which is easier to fabricate with the use of technology, especially because of the prevalence of technology in almost every moment of a person’s life today. Although the researchers are seemingly seeking to confirm their belief that Augmented Reality is a useful classroom tool for technical mathematics, they are quick to point out that a good classroom is comprised of a clear distinction of

Edible Glowing Blood Slime

What couldnt Halloween costume or party benefit from some blood slime? This particular slime is also edible, non-sticky and glows blue-white under a black light. Its easy to make! Glowing Blood Slime Materials 1 teaspoon soluble fiber (e.g., Metamucil)8 ounces (1 cup) diet tonic waterred food coloring Make the Slime! Stir the fiber into the tonic water.Add a drop or two of food coloring. The slime gets darker during preparation, so dont add too much food coloring.Heat the liquid in a microwave-safe container until it boils. Depending on your microwave power this may be anywhere from 1-4 minutes. When the mixture boils, pause the microwave and stir the slime.Cook the microwave another 1-2 minutes. Stir it.Repeat the cooking/stirring cycle a total of 4-5 times, until the slime develops a gelatinous consistency. Carefully remove the slime from the microwave. The container will be very hot!Let the slime cool before you handle it. You can play with it, decorate with it, or even eat it. No matter what color you made your slime, it will glow blue-white under a black light or ultraviolet light. The glow is fluorescence from the quinine in the tonic water.Store your slime in a sealed bowl or plastic bag. If you are just decorating with it, its fine at room temperature, but if you plan on putting the slime in your mouth, its a good idea to refrigerate leftovers.While the slime wont stick to most surfaces, the food coloring will cause it to stain fabrics and skin. Clean up slime with soap and water. Your favorite stain remover will take out the food coloring. Watch a video of this project.

The Value Of Asset Valuation Essay - 2029 Words

An asset can be described as any unit that has value in terms of money, or has a potential creating monetary value in the future. (Phatak 2016) What a business is worth is usually determined by the net value of its assets. Asset valuation is critical when making investment decisions. Valuation, simply put, is the process analysts’ use to ascertaining whether an investment decision is worth it or not. Investments are usually made with an expectation that the value of the asset will grow enough to pay back not only the sum of the money invested but also to give a profitable return, even after considering the risks involved. This is expected of all investments including bonds, shares, derivatives etc. (Koller, Goedhart, Wessels 2010 p. 1). To be able to determine the investment potential of business, asset valuation must be considered. Through asset valuation one can analyze the future potential in terms of returns if investment is done on the asset. 1. The importance of asset valuation Asset valuation is significant in ensuring that the right price of an asset is paid when investing. In making an investment decision, it is important to know the exact amount that will be paid for an asset. If valuation is done correctly, an investor can be able to budget and plan for their investment and taking into consideration market factors, approximate how much returns they will make from their investment. If valuation is done poorly, an investor may overpay for an Asset resulting inShow MoreRelatedAccounting And Financial Methods And Tools1745 Words   |  7 PagesFirm valuation relates to accounting in that it uses a combination of both accounting and financial methods and tools. Some of the accounting tools used includes the valuation of firms’ assets, valuation of a firm’s profit and loss and also the valuation of a firm’s obligations, which are liabilities. 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Strategic and Entrepreneurial Marketing for Sugar Bowl Case

Question: Discuss about theStrategic and Entrepreneurial Marketing for Sugar Bowl Case. Answer: Introduction After completion of graduation from business school, Ms. Shelby Givens had taken over her family business, which was operated by her grandfather, who died in the year 2008. The name of her business was Westlake Lanes that offered the ailing bowling business. With the help of her applications studies in graduation and her entrepreneurial skills, Ms. Givens was successful to take this business from losses to gains again. She had taken a big risk of transforming this business of bowling games to urban lounge, where the public can sit and have food and drinks. The business was named as Sugar Bowl. The major profit generation activities were offering food and beverages, which produced a significant cash flow. The business in the case was successful at small scale level, now it is planning to expand the business operations. The business may face various issues related to environment and its old style bowling technique. The given case includes various phases, on which the management needs to make focus. These phases are like; preparation of the transformation, renovation and grand opening of Sugar Bowl. The business is facing various issues in its entire life span. This essay includes the issues statement from the given case study of sugar bowl and then it includes its SWOT analysis for evaluating the internal and external environment of Sugar Bowl. Furthermore, it includes the major market segments for the case study and research conducted for developing its marketing strategy. At the end, it describes SMART objectives for Sugar Bowl with its marketing mix strategies. Key issues in Case The case of Sugar Bowl demonstrates that business is facing various key issues in different phases. There are several issues, which are influencing the business and its profitability in competitive business environment. Westlake Lanes is the business that is started by Mr. Dane Sugar, but its old style technique of bowling was leading the business to losses for year. Ms. Givens, the granddaughter of Mr. Dane Sugar took over their family business after his death and transformed the losses in profits by using her abilities and skills. Though, because of strong uncertainty for the future of business, Ms. Givens proposed Sugar Bowl, so she needed some additional amount to earn the enough revenues on the completion of project. One of the major issues in case study is the repayment of debt in the time period of five years. Other issues in the given case study are described in the three phases of transformation of Westlake Lanes to Sugar Bowl, which are resolved by qualitative and quantitative analysis (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). The issues in three different phases are stated below; Transformation phase: In this phase, the main issue for the organization were the procurement of employees for Sugar Bowl, food cost and research and development cost. Renovation and grand opening phase: The major issues in this phase include the lack of time period. The contractors were not following the schedule and they were missing the deadline that is led to a decrease in the revenues of $30000. Operations phase: This phase at Sugar Bowl consists of all the business operations for addressing the issues related to unpredictability and emotive rollercoaster of changing situations with the customers and also the changing trend in profit generation for the firm and its internal and external stakeholders (Babin and Zikmund, 2015). Apart from these issues in different phases, the last issue is the marketing and advertisement of the organization by adopting different techniques of promotion for showing them to its competitors in the industry. The target segment for this business is the young people and graduate students, so that the organization had also confronted the threats of deciding on the suitable target market. It is one of the biggest components for management team to consider (Bull, et al, 2016). Environmental Analysis Environmental analysis is the analysis, which is conducted to evaluate the external and internal factors, which impact the growth and success of an organization in competitive business environment. To study the internal and external factors of the company, the strengths and weaknesses are analyzed for internal analysis and its threats and opportunities are analyzed for external analysis of the organization. Sugar Bowl is successful The SWOT analysis of Sugar Bowl is stated below; Strengths One of the major strengths of Sugar Bowl is its strong and effective management that has not only assisted the organization in achieving its objectives and profitable status, but also in cutting the costs and generating more and significant revenues. Second Strength of Sugar Bowl is the size of its business that offers various benefits of reducing the risks and challenges of the organization in respective industry. With its grown business size, the organization is able to use maximum resources, which they have for operating new markets and protect their business against, which assist them in differentiating the competitors (Fleisher Bensoussan, 2015). In addition, the organization can increase the prices due to its monopoly in the business. In his latter phase of life, Mr. Dane Sugar fortified the business with advanced technology, which could considerably assist this business in gaining competitive edge in the bowing sector. The business operations of the firm are streamlined and i t demonstrates an effective cost management. It had grown its business according to the advanced and modern trends in the business environment and respective industry. Thus, the strengths of the Sugar Bowl show that in the time of Mr. Dane Sugar, the business was going very well (Grnroos, 2007). Weaknesses Apart from these strengths, there are some weaknesses of the business, which influence its growth in this industry. From the given case study, it can be analyzed that one of the major weaknesses of Sugar Bowl is the inefficiencies in the work and processes. This is one of the major issues at Sugar Bowl. The organization is fluctuating on its business activities and operations. Furthermore, other weaknesses of this firm are like; high staff turnover and high debt burden. The experienced staff at Sugar Bowl is quitting the job due to different issues, like; two waiters had left the job because they were earning lower than forecasted. The job that is offered to people at Sugar Bowl is very much tiring and stressful. It was facing the issues related to the high debt. The company had taken the loan of higher amount and it was unable to repay the loan under the given deadlines (Granot, Alejandro and Russell, 2014). Neighborhood revitalization is another weakness of Sugar Bowl that is influ encing its growth. Opportunities Opportunities are the key elements in the external environment of business, which a business can exploit to its benefits. In its organizational life, it needs to analyze that what better opportunities it can spot in its external environment and it needs to become aware about the new and interesting trends in the market. As per the given case study, there are so many opportunities, which Sugar Bowl had in the US bowling industry. Sugar Bowl may have the opportunities, like; business expansion in new and emerging markets. It should use new and innovative technologies in its services (Hamermesh Zalosh, 2013). Innovation can enhance the operations of company and attract more and more customers towards Sugar Bowl. It should introduce new and unique products and services in the bowling industry. Thus, it can go for product and market differentiation. By increasing the salaries and incentives of employees and waiters, it can attain employee retention, as it is confronting the issue of empl oyee turnover. Furthermore, it may have the opportunities to develop partnership through different options, like; franchise, joint venture etc. These opportunities may grow and enhance the business operations of this firm. Threats Threats are the challenges in the business environment, which can trouble the business and impact the growth and success of business. As mentioned above, Sugar Bowl is confronting various issues in the bowling industry in United States. Change in the taste and preferences are major threats for this organization (Hallbck and Gabrielsson, 2013). As the taste and preferences are changing with the passage of time, so the organization needs to update its products and business processes accordingly. In its past years, Sugar Bowl was taking advantage of its monopoly in bowling industry, but now the industry has grown and there are so many competitors in the US bowling industry. Furthermore, volatile costs and volatile revenues are also posing threats to the business operations of Sugar Bowl. These threats are resisting the Sugar Bowl in enhancing the business in competitive environment and gaining competitive advantage against its competitors (Helm and Gritsch, 2014). Major Segments and Marketing Research Identification of market segment is an important process in advertising and promotional process. Market segment is a group of people, who are with the similar characteristics and considered together for the purpose of marketing. When a company chooses a market segment, it considers various characteristics, like; psychographic, behavioral, demographic and geographic characteristics. Each and every segment is unique and exclusive and uses different criteria to develop segment for its products and services. An organization may select their market segment form different groups, like; families, businesses, organizations, individuals and other groups. As per the given case, it can be analyzed Sugar Bowl is targeting different segments, like; older graduate students and young professionals (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). It is selecting the market segments in the basis of demographic characteristics, like; age and income level. The company is selecting these segments, as they are actively a nd frequently engaged in using online tools and services. The management team at Sugar Bowl believed that direct mails, online advertisements and social media can provide better value and capabilities in comparison to traditional media. There may be two types of marketing research, which can be conducted for these segments to develop a successful marketing strategy for the organization. It can conduct primary and secondary marketing research, which will assist the organization in gather the related information about its customers. Under primary research, it will collect the data by conducting direct observations in the market, surveys and interviews. By these techniques, Sugar Bowl will be able to know about the market trends and changed needs and preferences of potential customers (Hollensen, 2015). The results of this research will be very much valuable as they answer the desired questions and collect original information. Moreover, secondary research can be conducted by Sugar Bowl. Under this marketing research, it can gather the information from internet sources and results from previous marketing research. In this process, Sugar Bowl can look at its existing customer data base and types of customers. It will ma ke easier to choose appropriate market segment for Sugar Bowls products and services. By conducting this marketing research, Sugar Bowl will be able to develop its marketing strategy in the future (Hunger Wheelen, 2011). SMART Objectives SMART objective is the tool that is adopted by an organization to achieve its overall objective. The goals of an organization should be SMART, i.e. specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic and time related. The SMART objectives for Sugar Bowl are created below; Specific This dimension of SMART objectives states that the objectives should be specific. Under this, an organization should target a specific area, which can be improved by the organization. By making decision on this, the company can state what actually the organization desires to attain. In this case, the objectives of Sugar Bowl are specific as the company is making efforts to resolve the issues in different phases, i.e. transformation, renovation and operations. For this, the organization will make focus on the product diversification and marketing and advertising process of the company. Thus, the major objective of the company is to emphasize on the areas, which are creating issues for Sugar Bowl (McDonald and Wilson, 2016). Firm would like to enhance its operations and increase its market share in US bowling industry. Measurable This is the second dimension of SMART objective, which quantify and recommend an indicator of progress. In this, the organization will set a standard to measure the growth of objective attainment. The company will be able to track the progress and growth and measure the results. The objectives of Sugar Bowl specifically state that organization would like to enhance its customer base and market share (Huang and Sarigll, 2014). This percentage will provide, which can be measured to indicate whether the goals are attained or not. It will target a specific market segment for its products and services. Achievable Under this dimension, an organization will ensure that its objectives are achievable. It means the objectives should be realistic in the given conditions, in which it is established. The management should ensure that required resources are available to attain the objectives. From the given case study, it can be stated that the objectives of Sugar Bowl are achievable and it has all the required resources. The objectives are realistic, which can be attained by implementing different strategies and making efforts (Lodish, Morgan, Archambeau and Babin, 2015). Relevant It indicates that objectives should be relevant to the resources and people of organization, which are accountable for attaining these objectives. In the given case, the objectives of Sugar Bowl are relevant to the people, who are responsible for achieving the goals, like; marketing team is working for resolving the issues related to marketing and advertising. Human resource department will be responsible for managing the issues related to staff turnover. All the tasks and responsibilities will be assigned accordingly, so that objectives can be attained successfully (Miles, et al, 2015). Time bound The objectives of an organization should have a time limit, in which they should be attained. A good objective statement should include the time limit for the organization. Sugar Bowl will determine a specific time period for attaining its objectives. It will make efforts to attain its short term objectives in 6 months. The management team will set a time frame in mind and deadlines will be determined, which will be realistic (Nijssen, 2017). Marketing Mix Marketing mix is the tool that can be used for adopting effective strategies for promoting its new products and services. Marketing mix of an organization includes four strategies, i.e. product, price, place and promotion. These strategies will assist the organization in enhancing its promotional processes. From the given case, the following section includes the proposed marketing mix for Sugar Bowl; Product In the given case, the products of Sugar Bowl are diversified, like; it is offering nightclub and bowling lounge to develop plush and lively. With this, it will offer old juke box and a food menu, which will include hot dogs, pizza, beer on tap etc. At Sugar Bowl, the customers will be able to full bar and table services. It should include music and special events for its target market. In future, it will include different types of food in the menu. It will enhance its products and services in different divisions (Pike and Page, 2014). Price The pricing strategy of Sugar Bowl will be very competitive as it is offering its products and services at affordable prices. The prices of Sugar Bowl are the major factors, which will assist the organization in retaining its existing customers and creating new customers. Place Under marketing mix, place strategy will include different distribution channels and network, which can be used by an organization to deliver the products to customers. Sugar Bowl will use effective place and distribution strategy, so that people can use its products and services. It will offer the services online on its website, so customers can order the products (Lodish, Morgan, Archambeau and Babin, 2015). Promotion Under its promotional strategy, the company will offer discount on specified nights focused to corporate clients and college students. These strategies will assist the organization in increasing awareness with its target market segment. In addition, the business will offer promotional items, like; discount, coupons and giveaways. The above given strategies will be effective for Sugar Bowl for resolving the issues, stated in answer 1. Marketing mix strategy considers all the issues and problems, so that they can be resolved. By implementing product strategy, the organization will be able to increase its customer base and create new customers. The marketing mix strategies will assist the company in organizing all the aspects of marketing around the desires and psychology of its target market segments (Wolf and Akkaraju, 2014). This theory considers all the behaviors of customers, which are considered by them, when they go to purchase or use any product. Promotional strategy will engage the customers to use the bowling services of Sugar Bowl business. By these strategies, the company will be able to advertise and promote the products and services. Pricing strategy will make it able in repayment of debts. Thus, by implementing this effective marketing mix, Sugar Bowl will be able to overcome the issues. Implications for implementation of strategy Implementation of this effective marketing mix will be beneficial for Sugar Bowl in todays competitive business environment. This proposed marketing strategy will assist the organization to overcome all the above-mentioned issues. By adopting these strategies, the company will be successful in increasing its customer by diversifying its product categories. It will use different types of media to engage the customers to use the services of this firm. Strategic partnership with other local organizations will enhance the predictability and increase the repeat intention of customers. Thus, it can be stated that implication of proposed strategies is positive for Sugar Bowl. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the business operations of Sugar Bowl were great in the duration of Mr. Sugar. Further, Givens had tried her best to increase its profitability. The business had faced so many issues and made efforts to resolve those issues. Company is implementing various strategies to deal with these issues. The proposed marketing mix will assist the company to overcome these issues. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. 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