Chenjie Chai. Ms. Milliner. Cuny Ela Period 2. 1/19/2016.

Chenjie Chai Ms. Milliner CUNY ELA period 2 1/19/2016 Essay Shakespeare s famous play of love turned bad by unfounded jealousy. His Othello also tells a sad story. The story begins in Venice with Iago, a soldier under Othello s command arguing with a wealthy Venetian, Roderigo. Roderigo has paid Iago a considerable sum of money to spy on Othello for him, since he wishes to take Othello s girlfriend, Desdemona as his own. The story to this as the main line, there have been many tragic things. In the story, there are several characters is impressive, their demeanor and psychological activities, I have some impression from those character, those characters all had†¦show more content†¦These include Moorish, Thick Lips, Old Black Ram and Barbary. Although Othello appeared at the beginning of Act Two, we did not hear his name. The second act, Othello will be the last of the three ships arrived in Cyprus; Othello will separate, and Cassio and Igoros should be in t he fourth act, they discuss Desdemody; and Othello will assume the card Theo died, and did not exist when the battle took place in the fifth act. Othello s status as an outsider could be the reason he is so easy to prey for Igoros. While Othello is an outsider in the culture and race of Venice, his skills as a soldier and leader are of value to the country and necessary. Othello is part of Venice s civil society. He was in great demand by the Duke and the Senate, and Cassio s comments proved that the Senate issued three missions looking for Othello. The Venetian government trusted Othello enough to make his full military and political command of Cyprus; in fact, in his dying speech, Othello reminded the Venetians that he had done the service of their country. Those who think Othello their social and civic counterparts, such as Desdemona and Brabanzio, but seem to attract him because of his exotic. Othello admits when he told the Duke his friendship with Brabantio. He said - [Desdemo na s] father loves me, does not invite me, / still questions my life / stories every year. - Outro can also use his speech to attract his colleagues. Duke for Othello s speech, how he used his adventure

Rhetorical Analysis Of AinT I A Woman - 1035 Words

[Yunus Sanni] English 1020 Campbell [6 oct 2017] Rhetorical Analysis of [â€Å"I Ain’t a woman† by Sojourner Truth] Aint I a Woman? ,the name given to a speech, delivered extemporaneously, by Sojourner Truth, (1797–1883),she gave this speech to the Women’s Convention of 1851, she speaks on the inequalities that women and blacks faced at that time in America. she uses rhetorical strategies in order to achieve a successful and powerful delivery of her message.Sojourner uses personal experiences to get an emotional response from her audience, connecting with them as both women and mothers.Sojourner Truth uses Anaphora,Logos,Ethos and Rhetorical question in order to rebut opposing arguments for gender equality.†¦show more content†¦From God and a woman!† This is a fact that no one could argue about, which makes the audience to believe that her argument is legit, and should be taken under consideration. Pathos refers to the authors persuasion through emotional appeal. In both of the texts, the use of pathos is very clear. However, in Aint I a Woman, Truth uses m ore prevalently. I believe that Sojourner Truth used more emotional appeal because of her audience. She was talking to a audience majorly composed of women. They would more likely understand and sympathize with her because they have experienced similar treatment. She refers to mothers griefand all of her hard work and the pain she has had to endure. The women in the audience are more likely to be receptive to what she is saying and be persuaded by her argument. Through Truth’s numerous rhetorical questions used in this speech, she has made a strong impact on her audience. Each question either precedes or follows a strong truth. By questioning herself, and being able to answer each question, Truth shows her understanding of society, and the mistreatment of women. She never wanted the audience to answer her questions, because the honest answers should be obvious.All of her hardships as a slave, and she is a women. When discussing intellect, she even asks, â€Å"What’s that got to do with women’s rights or negroes rights?† Her rhetorical questions were a unique way ofShow MoreRelatedInjustices of Women of Color by Sojourner Truth in Speech, Aint I Woman1325 Words   |  6 PagesSojourner Truth: Ain’t I Woman In the speech â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman†, the Sojourner Truth delivered during the Women’s Convention of 1851, she speaks on the injustices that women and colored people endured during that horrible time in America. I will make an effort to explore the ways she utilizes rhetorical methods as a means to accomplish a victorious and compelling delivery of her message. In this analysis, I will talk about the way Sojourner draws on her own individual experiences evoke an emotionalRead MoreRhetorical Analysis â€Å"and Ain’t I a Woman†1091 Words   |  5 PagesDaizelle Huggins Engl 1301 Mr. Baggaley 9/17/11 Rhetorical Analysis â€Å"And Ain’t I a Woman† In the speech â€Å"And Ain’t I a Woman† Sojourner Truth speaks on why women should have rights at the Woman’s Rights Convention in 1851. There were women, men, Methodist, Baptist, Episcopal, Presbyterian, and Universalist ministers in the church who didn’t want Sojourner Truth to speak from when she walked in the door because she was a woman. The writer Frances Gage said â€Å"Again and again, timorous and trembling

The Scoop with Ice Cream free essay sample

Many American movies feature girls crying over a bucket of ice cream with a super-sized spoon, watching netflix or a movie. People seem to eat ice cream when sad, happy, celebrating an event, or a eating a midnight snack. Ice cream has affected our world, in more ways than one might think. Discussing its cool history, the difference between ice cream and other frozen treats, and how ice cream affects our world today will help individuals understand the significance it plays in lives across the world. Let’s scoop into this thing we call ice cream. People today don’t seem to know the difference between ice cream, gelato, frozen yogurt, and sherbet. According to recipe4living by Kathryn Steed, there are a few distinct differences between these sweet treats. Ice cream is fluffy and uses around 10% milk fat, whereas gelato uses less butterfat and sugar, and is also more dense. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scoop with Ice Cream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Frozen yogurt is exactly what it sounds like, and has a lower fat content and calories, because it uses milk instead of cream. Lastly, sherbert has a small dairy content, around 1-2% and uses fruit based flavors. The two different styles of ice cream, consist of the French style and Philadelphia. The French style according to thekitchn is made with eggs, whereas the Philadelphia or American style, is not. Traditional flavors include strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla. Vanilla is the most popular, because it acts as a base and has a flavorable outcomein the publics eye. Ice cream can have many toppings, and whether it be in a float, banana split, on a popsicle stick, for a cake, and in a sundae, ice cream can be eaten in many ways. Ice cream has been used for coping mechanisms, for which it seems, since the beginning of time, which brings up a great question. What is the history behind it?The name â€Å"Ice cream† was created after a farmer took the cream from the cow, flavore d it, and froze it, according to foodtimeline by Lynne Olver in 2004. The literal translation means iced cream. Olver goes on to say that the first time the word iced cream showed up, was in 1688 in the Oxford Dictionary, but by 1744, it was changed to ice cream. King Tang of Shang of China, started putting syrup on snow, Alexander the Great put honey in his, and Marco Polo brought his recipe around the world. Jumping forward to 200BC, China started to freeze rice and milk which soon changed ingredients and spread around the world, according to icecreamhistory. By the year 1533 Europe got a taste of the sugary dessert, and in 1744 a Scottish colonist brought the recipe over to North America.George Washington spent over $200 in a summer on just ice cream, which is equal to $3,000 today. In the 17th century, the first ice cream shop opened in France, using milk, butter, and eggs, according to â€Å"Today I Found Out† by Emily Upton on June 16th, 2013. King Henry II, of France s oon passed the recipe to King Charles of England. King Charles loved his recipe so much, that when his chef told the public about it, he was immediately beheaded. The story of the chef being beheaded might make you churn, so instead let’s talk about the machines used to make ice cream. The Industrial Revolution inspired Nancy Johnson to invent a crank ice cream maker, according to inventricity. Her design featured two cylinder containers inside each other. The outside cylinder was used to house ice and rock salt, while the inside cylinder was used to store the ice cream. On top, would be a secure lid and a handle to mix. By mixing the rock salt and ice in the outside cylinder, it forced the ice cream liquid to freeze faster. When the ice cream would freeze faster, it not only made the ice cream colder, it also made it less work for individual making it. The crank model did help make ice cream faster and efficient, but only lasted until the electrical models were invented. Tod ay, there are two main electrical models, which include the self refrigerating and the freezer assisted. First, the self refrigerating model has a built in freezer and though it is normally less expensive, it makes very little ice cream. Next, is the pre frozen container or the freezer assisted, which has an attachable part that goes in your freezer, according to the website Icecreamnation on Dec. 7th, 2011. Another kind of machine used, is for Mexican or fried ice cream. This model is not as common as the the self refrigerating and freezer assisted model. Fried ice cream includes an incredibly cold pan, which they then pour the liquid onto. Now that we’ve talked about the differences between ice cream and many other treats, and the history of ice cream, let’s jump to another spoontaneous topic. Ice cream and ice cream brands, have not only affected history, but also the world we live in today. Brands such as Ben Jerry have taken their profits and used them for local, and not so local, organizations, according to their website. Other popular brands include Blue Bunny and Dreyers, which strive to better their companies. Ice cream brands, such as Ben Jerry, Blue Bunny, and Dreyers, have re-adjusted their prices over the past decade. Meaning a normal half gallon is approximately priced at $4.73 according to statista, whereas in 1960, the average price was 79 cents according to thepeoplehistory. The price of ice cream is growing and so is the amount of ice cream Americans are eating each year. The website fooddemocracy written on June 19th, 2011 says each American eats 24 pound of ice cream each year. Census states that approximatly 324 million people live in the US, which means, Americans combined eat over around 8 billion pounds per year! There are also other countries, oth er than the united states, who eat a lot of ice cream as well. According to quora written in April of 2011, there are 80,000(eighty thousand) privately owned ice cream, gelato, and frozen yogurt shops in the United States, bringing in $18 billion, and an additional $8 billion from the ice cream sold in stores. Each individual ice cream shop has multiple employees, which shows how significant it is to our economy, the workforce, and the rest of the world. The amount spent on ice cream by Americans, doesn’t include the most expensive ice cream sold. Fox News in April of 2015 says the most expensive ice cream sold, was $25,000, meaning $817 per scoop! That ice cream, has edible gold flakes along with many more expensive toppings. In conclusion, ice cream has been around for thousands of years, and is a popular dessert today. The industrial revolution had sparked Nancy Johnson’s mind to create the crank ice cream maker, and before that George Washington would eat $3,000 of ice cream in a summer. Americans eat over 8 billion pounds of it a year, yet some still can’t tell the differences. Whether it is on a cone, popsicle stick, for a cake or in a sundae, everyone seems to enjoy this cool treat. Two popular ice cream makers are the self refrigerating and the pre frozen, and two styles of ice cream are French and Philadelphia, the French with eggs and the American with none. Ice cream has changed a lot, since first showing up in the dictionary in 1688, but one thing that will never change, is the fact that using super sized spoons while watching netflix will always be pretty sweet.

Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy Essay Example Essay Example

Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example Paper Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Introduction Although meditation practices have been in use for over 3000 years they have only been introduced into Western society in the last half a century (Walsh 1995). Before the 1960’s meditation was rarely practiced and was widely misunderstood, labelled as â€Å"an attempt at psychological and physical regression. . . a sort of artificial schizophrenia† (Alexander et al 1946, cited in Walsh 1995: 388) by a well known psychiatrist. Recently, however, psychologists have become aware of the psychotherapeutic aspects of meditation. These aspects have proven to be so beneficial that meditation has even been controversially labelled by some as a form of psychotherapy (Walsh 1995). HOW MEDITATION FITS INTO THE DEFINITION OF ‘PSYCHOTHERAPY’ Contraversy over the labelling of meditation as a form of psychotherapy both arises and is resolved in the ambiguous nature of psychotherapy itself. The general definition of psychotherapy could be classed as: A formal process involv ing a professional and legally trained ‘therapist’ helping a person who has distress or disfunction in the areas of emotion, cognition, or behaviour. The therapist has a logical theory about how the problem developed and treats the patient in relation to this theory. (Based on Corsini 1995). Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Body Paragraphs Based on this definition some argue that meditation is not a psychotherapy because no professional therapist is needed, it can be be practiced purely on an individual basis (Walsh 1995). However, the above definition, although seemingly comprehensive, does not completely fit many Western psychotherapies that are formally acknowledged (Corsini 1995). One such therapy is Freud’s ‘self-therapy’ which involves looking into ones own inner psychological processes(Corsini 1995; Walsh 1995). A similar concept was developed by the founder of academic psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, it was called ‘introspection’ and involved the study of one’s own consciousness (Matlin 1995). Both ‘self-therapy’ and ‘introspection’ do not require a therapist and can be done individually yet they are still considered as valid forms of psychotherapy. Whilst meditation can be done alone, beginners usually learn the practice through a trained and skilled meditation master or guru. This meditation master can be seen to fit into the general definition of ‘psychotherapy’ mentioned above in that he often fulfils the same roles as the ‘therapist’ of western psychotherapy by dealing with his ‘student’s’ problems based on a logical theory. Like western psychotherapies different meditations are based on different theories and have different spiritual purposes. These different spiritual purposes do not seem to have different effects upon their psychotherapeutic benefits. All meditation techniques seem to have the same therapeutic benefit to the same specified disorders. THE THERAPUTIC ASPECTS OF MEDITATION Therapeutic aspects of meditation include relaxation, stress management, and management of some psychological and psychophysical (physical symptoms are affected by psychological processes) disorders (Bernstein, Roy, Srull, and Wickens 1991; Walsh 1995). Research has shown that meditation decre ases generalised and phobic anxiety disorders, it can also decrease drug and alcohol use and be beneficial to patients in psychiatric hospitals (Walsh 1995). Uses of meditation for psychophysilogical problems can be seen in its use in rehabilitation after heart attacks, treatment of bronchial asthma and irregular heartbeat, management of chronic pain, and reduction of high blood pressure (Walsh 1995). Psychologically ‘healthy’ individuals also benefit from meditation. They score better than non meditators on tests of general psychological well-being (Walsh 1995). Research has shown that they are generally more confident and have higher self esteem, marital satisfaction, academic achievement, creativity, and cognitive development than non meditators (Walsh 1995). Meditators also report higher self-actualisation (Walsh 1995), which is the strive to reach their highest potential (Matlin 1995). MEDITATION VS RELAXATION Taking the above into consideration meditation is no le ss a form of psychotherapy than any Western therapy. It should be noted, however, that many of the positive effects that meditation has on psychological and psychophysical problems, such as high blood pressure and anxiety, can also be achieved through various relaxation techniques and sometimes through hypnosis (Berstein, Srull, Roy and Wickens 1991; Matlin 1995). Even still, these techniques usually involve aspects of meditation such as following the breath. However, relaxation techniques can be seen as a psychotherapy of their own, and, just because another form of psychotherapy can produce the same results as meditation can, this does not mean that meditation is any less valid a form of psychotherapy itself. There are almost as many psychotherapies as there are disorders (Zimbardo 1991) many of these therapies also produce the same results and have similar success rates as each other but are not considered any less valid. PARALLELS BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN PSYCHOTHERAPIES Look ing at the theory and techniques behind Western psychotherapies and Eastern meditation practices it is possible to find parallels between disciplines. The theories and concepts surrounding Buddhism and Buddhist meditation, for instance, can be likened to concepts of cognitive psychology (a psychological field which believes that mental process and behaviour can be explained through cognitive process’ [Matlin 1995]). Like cognitive psychologists Buddhists see ignorance (avijja ), or false beliefs, as the source of all suffering (dukkha ) and believe the remedy for this suffering is understanding (pana ). (Johansson 1979; Guenther 1974; Bucknell and Kang 1997; Lecture 1998). Cognitive psychologists differ in their methods of correcting incorrect thought, some are more likely to instruct and lecture ‘clients’ in relation to the problem, others are more likely to encourage ‘clients’ to discover and test irrational belief on their own, many combine these approaches (Bernstein, Roy, Srull and Wickens 1991; Beck and Weishaar 1995; Matlin 1995). In Buddhist psychotherapy ‘students’ are also ‘taught’ the aspects suffering and incorrect thought as well as encouraged to look at personal experiences to gain an understanding of incorrect thought through meditation(Kiyota 1978;Walsh 1995). DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN PSYCHOTHERAPIES Although there are several likeness’ between certain Western psychotherapies and Asian psychotherapies such as meditation there are also some important differences. Firstly, in Asian psychotherapies the difference between psychological and spiritual healing is ill defined. Students partake in meditation to gain spiritual enlightenment, the psychological benefits are merely steps in reaching a higher goal. Western psychologies usually separate spirituality from psychology. Psychologists deal with processes that concern the physical world, they do not attempt to ‘h eal’ clients using spiritual methods. Secondly, Asian psychotherapies are belief based. Theories about psychological problems and there causes are not based on measurable evidence. Although the effects and stages of meditation are methodologically and consistently documented in religions such as Buddhism the theories and practices and the reasons for the effects have not been empirically tested. In most Western psychotherapies, excluding Freud’s psychoanalyctic method, theories can be empirically tested. For example, a social cognitive psychologist may believe that depression is caused by negative and pessimistic thought (Matlin 1995). The psychologist would test this theory, probably using a survey which determined pessimism. Comparing the results of depressive and psychologically ‘healthy’ individuals, the psychologist would be able to discover whether his/her theory was consistent. Perhaps the most greatest difference, however, is that all but a few the rapists in Western Psychotherapies see the ‘normal’, or average, psychological health as optimum and usually only ‘treat’ people who are below this level (Walsh 1995). Asian psychotherapies, such as meditation, on the other hand, believe that our current state of consciousness is far from optimum and aim to reach higher levels. They note that ‘our minds are usually filled with a flux of unrecognisable thoughts, images, internal dialogues, and fantasies that distort and reduce awareness'(Walsh 1995: 391). An example of this is the ‘day dream’ in which we lose track of the conscious world for a brief moment and slip into fantasy (Walsh 1995). In relation to this, Asian psychotherapies see the average psychological state as a psychological disorder which involves aversion, addiction, and ignorance (Walsh 1995). They believe that full psychological health is only reached when these three phenomena are abolished (Kiyota 1978) and enlightenment is reached (Walsh 1995). CONCLUSION Meditation has been interpreted and misunderstood in Western society until the last half of this century. Psychologists and the general public are only now beginning to realise the benefits of meditation, not only for spiritual, but also for psychophysical and psychological health. Controversy over meditation’s validity as a psychotherapy arises due to a lack of understanding about what a psychotherapy is as well as the fact that relaxation causes similar therapeutic effects. Although meditation does not completely fit the general definition of ‘psychotherapy’, other psychotherapies have also been seen not to . Relaxation can be considered merely another psychotherapy achieving the same means as meditation. Therefore, meditation is a form of psychotherapy. It even has close links with many aspects of Western approaches such as cognitive psychology. Meditation has some differences such as a spiritual techniques, a spiritual bel ief base of theory, and a different definition of psychologically health. These differences, however, do not make it any less a form of psychotherapy. The positive results meditation has upon certain psychological and psychophysical disorders are proof enough that meditation is a valid, consistent and effective means of psychotherapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Goals Of The Monetary Policy Essays - Unemployment, Monetary Policy

Goals Of The Monetary Policy Goals of monetary policy are to promote maximum employment, inflation (stabilizing prices), and economic growth. If economists believe it's possible to achieve all the goals at once, the goals are inconsistent. There are limitations to monetary policy. The term maximum employment means that we should try to hold the unemployment rate as low as possible without pushing it below what economists call the natural rate or the full- employment rate. Pushing unemployment below that level would cause inflation to rise and thereby ruin the other objective--stable prices, economic growth, which is our objectives in the long run. Overall financial stability will lead to a better balance between consumption and saving that will make resources available for investment purposes, reduce changes in the economy created by the inflation in the past, and by the reactions of savers, as well as fostering high and sustainable economic growth; and contribute towards an investor friendly environment that will attract foreign investors to the country. Evidence has suggested that economies perform better, in terms of growth, employment and living standards, in low inflation environments than they do when inflation is persistently high. This evidence is a comparison across countries over long periods. The association between economic performance, measured by growth of output or growth of productivity, and inflation. This indicates a negative relation; that is, the higher the inflation, the lower the rate of real growth. Evidence suggesting that low inflation promotes growth has motivated recent decisions by a number of central banks and governments, most notably New Zealand. Canada, the United Kingdom and Sweden also have moved in recent years to establish monetary policy with official low inflation targets. Decisions to adopt a policy objective of low inflation suggest that other policy-makers are reading the evidence pertaining to inflation and growth as we are. Consistent attempts to expand the economy beyond its potential for production will result in higher and higher inflation, while ultimately failing to produce lower average unemployment. Therefore, most economists would argue that there are no long-term gains from consistently pursuing expansionary policies. Monetary policy can determine the economy's average rate of inflation in the long run. And that's important for the economy, because high inflation can hinder economic growth. For example, when inflation is high, it also tends to vary a lot, and that makes people uncertain about what inflation will be in the future. That uncertainty can hinder economic growth in a couple of ways--it adds an inflation risk premium to long-term interest rates and it complicates the planning and contracting by business and labor that are so essential to capital formation. High inflation also hinders economic growth in other ways. For example, because the tax system isn't in agreement with inflation, high inflation arbitrarily helps and hurts different sectors of the economy. In addition, it makes people spend their time hedging against inflation instead of pursuing more productive activities. Because the government can determine the economy's average rate of inflation, some commentators--and some members of Congress as well--have emphasized the need to define the goals of monetary policy in terms of price stability, which is achievable. One kind of conflict involves deciding which goal should take precedence at any point in time. For example, the government needs to be careful to avoid letting short-run temporary successes in preventing employment losses during recessions lead to longer-run failures in maintaining low inflation. Another kind of conflict involves the potential for pressure from the political arena. For example, in the day-to-day course of governing the country and making economic policy, politicians may be tempted to put the emphasis on short-run results rather than on the longer-run health of the economy. The government is somewhat insulated from such pressure, however, by its independence, which allows it to achieve a more appropriate balance between short-run and long-run objectives. When unemployment is high the policy that should take place is inflation should increase slightly to drive up prices in order to cause increases in output. When unemployment is below average and nearing full employment the policy that should take place is to slightly lower the productivity of the workers and therefore cause a decrease in the output. This would slow the economy down and into the ideal condition of maximum employment. When the production is at its maximum and unemployment at a minimum the government must raise the inflation rate in order to make sure that the situation stays where it is. It must be sure not to raise inflation too sharply or else everyone will be afraid to spend their money. The belief

Freeze Tag essays

Freeze Tag essays I just read the book Freeze Tag by Caroline B. Cooney. I thought that this book was excellent! This was one of the best books I have read in a very long time. This book was very supportive, and it told many more things about the characters, which is what I like because it made me feel like I actually know the characters. This book brought me into fear, sadness, and anger. I was first of all fearful for every single person that Lannie Anveill froze. Just when Lannie didnt get her way, you could guarantee that the person that was hassling her or giving her a hard time was already frozen. I also felt very sad for Meghan Moore. I felt said for Meghan only because for a little while, she lost the love of her life. The only boy that she had actually cared for, or even bothered to notice. When Meghan had West Trevor, she hardly noticed anybody else that was round. The only reason that I felt angry in this book was because of Lannie. I was angry because Lannie thought that it was ok to fre eze her mom, step-dad, and little kids. Lannie thought that it was perfectly fine, like that is what was supposed to happen. I just didnt understand why she froze people when she didnt get her way. The character that I liked the most was definitely West Trevor. He was a major part in this book. If he wasnt in the book the whole thing probably wouldnt have worked. He held up everything that went on, from things that dealt with Lannie freezing people, Meghan freaking out, and protecting people by going along with whatever Lannie said to do. One character that I didnt like so much was probably Meghan. In my eyes, I saw her as a whiney baby. All she did was complain about how much she missed West, the whole Trevor family, how boring her house was, and how mean Lannie was. I didnt like her because she should have stopped whining and took action. Actions speak louder than words, and I think that if s ...

Discussion Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion Topics - Essay Example During this period, the United States fought in the World War I. The war brought transformation in various parts of the country. World War I changed the American politics fully. This can attributed to demand democracy and servant leadership. At that period, the first two presidents made the office of the president a center of power (Charlie, 1998). The impacts World War I brought to the nation can be felt today. American is said to be most democratic state in the world. It is also the world’s leading superpower. The year 1919 is described as a year of savage peace. During this period, the American people battled injustices issues, racism and human rights (Charlie, 1998). The year experienced a number of strikes by labor workers, Boston policemen and steel industry workers who become more outspoken and demanding. People decried injustices against the black who were lynched mercilessly. Protests that followed the inhumane acts committed brought back co-existence in the short-run and unity amongst people of various races in the United States in the

Realist and Feminist Structures in Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Essay

Realist and Feminist Structures in Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper and Kate Chopin's The Storm - Essay Example Another similarity is the use of naturalist devices to construct both stories. Each story depicts the life of a single female protagonist who is mired in realistic situations that the reader can easily relate to. In addition to these similarities, both stories carry overriding feminist ideas and critique which essentially form the bulwark of both stories. This paper will compare and contrast both stories based on these structural, thematic and literary devices. The development of climax in both stories is gradual, uses symbols and both stories tend to end as soon as the climax is achieved. Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper depicts the protagonist as going mad over time as her husband John locks her up in her room. The author has chosen the yellow wallpaper as a symbol to reflect changing attitudes and mental state on the part of the protagonist. The yellow color itself is something that the protagonist tends to loathe from the first time she looks at it. As the story proceeds to i ts climax, the yellow wallpaper tends to indicate and enhance the climax. According to Gilman (Carnley 23): â€Å"It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw—not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things. But there is something else about that paper—the smell!† Again towards the end of the story (Carnley 26): â€Å"For outside you have to creep on the ground, and everything is green instead of yellow.† At the climax, the protagonist goes mad thinking that she just managed to extricate herself from the yellow wallpaper which signals and symbolizes the climax. The story ends immediately afterwards as the protagonist’s husband John enters the room and faints while the protagonist continues her mad movements across the room. This is comparable to Chopin’s The Storm where the author has used the storm as a symbol while she moves slowly towards the climax. The behavior of Calixta and Alcee tends to change as the storm develops gradually. At the start of the story, the author states (Gale 81): â€Å"She stood there with Bobinot's coat in her hands, and the big rain drops began to fall.† However, as the story is about to end the author expresses the character of the storm as (Gale 82): â€Å"The growl of the thunder was distant and passing away.† This indicates that the gentle rain at the start of the story developed into a large storm with thunder and lightning that subsided as the protagonists were done with their adulterous affair. What is noticeable is that the story’s climax is symbolized by a storm and that the story tends to end as soon as the climax is achieved. The end is again abrupt much similar to Galmin’s The Yellow Wallpaper. In addition to this similarity, both stories employ naturalist devices in order to develop the story. The characters and the imagery provided by either author are realist and the reader c an relate these characters and scenarios to common life with ease. The protagonist in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper is a common housewife while her husband is a physician and predictably they have a middle class background. The protagonist’s thoughts and emotions expressed in the story signify that she is an ordinary person like anyone else. The fastidious nature of the protagonist’s husband is also attributable to the trends of the time. In the late nineteenth century physicians were still discovering new methods of treatment and took their time to differentiate right treatment from wrong. The

Discussion of Sections 338 and 338 Election of the Internal Revenue Research Proposal

Discussion of Sections 338 and 338 Election of the Internal Revenue Code - Research Proposal Example Under Section 338, if a purchasing corporation acquires 80 percent or more of the stock of the target corporation in a qualified stock purchase then the election in Section 338 may be done to treat the stock purchase as an asset purchase. This election must be not later than the fifteenth day of the ninth month, after the month in which the acquisition date occurs. If however the purchasing corporation decides not to or fails to make such an election, then it will be a carryover basis in the target’s assets. Such an election in Section 338 will benefit or have an economic value to the purchasing corporation only â€Å"if the present value of future tax savings resulting from the ‘step-up’ in basis of the target's assets exceeds the current tax cost of such a step-up†. As explained by Silverman, in order to achieve this basis step-up, the target corporation must recognize the full gain or loss inherent in its assets.

Vertebrae Compression Fracture Due to Extra-nodal RDD Case

Vertebrae Compression Fracture Due to Extra-nodal RDD Case INTRODUCTION: RDD was first described by Destombes1 in 1965 as a rare, separate entity of benign self-limiting sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy later Rosai and Dorfman2 in 1969, confirmed it as a separate clinic-pathologic entity. Although RDD may occur in any age group, it is most frequently seen in children and young adults. Isolated intracranial disease tend to occur older patients. The disease is more common in males and in individuals of African descent . The most frequent clinical manifestations include fever, night sweats and weight with bilateral massive cervical lymphadenopathy. Mediastinal, inguinal and retroperitoneal nodes may also be involved. RDD is potentially systemic disease and may affect extra nodal sites up to 43% of all RDD patients. The common extra-nodal sites include skin, upper respiratory tract, and bone. Skeletal involvement as a sole manifestation of RDD is extremely rare, occurring in fewer than 2% of all RDD patients and arise most frequently in long b ones such as tibia, femur, humerus, clavicle and bones of the hands. CNS involvement is rare (5%), with 75% of cases involving the brain and 25% involving the spinal canal. Involvement of the CNS without concurrent nodal involvement is rare.3 Laboratory findings are non-specific with leucocytosis, neutrophil, elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), hypergammaglobulinemia being the most common findings. We present a rare case of vertebrae compression fracture due to extra-nodal RDD without lymphadenopathy later developed metastases to brain. CASE REPORT: A 45 year old lady presented with h/o sudden onset of paraplegia. Work –up was done and spinal mass was found. Later the patient underwent surgical debulking to releave her symptoms. The patient gradually improved. Histopathologically it was diagnosed as RDD. The patient was symptom free for 6 months, then she developed sudden onset of seizures and lower limb weakness. MRI showed multiple cranial and spinal metastasis, following which the patient underwent craniotomy. The patient was further treated with whole brain radiotherapy of 30Gy. There was no improvement of symptoms. The patient eventually expired 6 months following the completion of radiotherapy. Discussion: RDD in its classic form is a benign, self-limiting histiocytic proliferative disorder that is characterized by massive lymphadenopathy. Most patients with RDD are in their second or third decade of life, the mean age of onset of nodal disease is about 20years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. It is commonly reported in African-Americans. The etiology of RDD remains unknown; immune system dysfunction and an autoimmune process or viral infection such as Epstein-Barr virus and human herpes virus type 6 have been attributed with the pathogenesis of RDD. The presentation of RDD can be categorised into three sub types: 1) those with only lymph nodes enlargement with sudden increase and spontaneous regression and without any further recurrences; 2) those with immunologic abnormalities at presentation have a more widespread nodal disease and a higher fatality rate4,5 ; 3) those with several extra-nodal site involvement, multi-nodal disease and a protracted clinical course with multiple relapses and remissions for years. In these cases, the severity of disease depends on the type and number of extra-nodal sites.6 Patients who present with or subsequently develop intracranial involvement, become symptomatic at a later mean age (34.9 years), with a strong male predominance.7 Involvement of CNS is rare (5%), with 75% of reported cases involving the brain and 25% involving the spinal canal. Involvement of the CNS in the absence nodal involvement is rare.3 The most common intra cranial presentation is solitary dural based lesion, but multiple intracranial lesions have also been reported. The suprasellar region, cerebral convexity, para sagittal region, cavernous sinus, and petroclival regions are most common locations.7 Only 11 cases of spinal RDD have been reported, of which 10 patients had an extra-medullary tumor. Seven patients presented with epidural lesion, three presented with intra dural lesions.8 Spinal cord compression has been reported in a few patients with spinal involvement causing neurologic deficits.9 Compression fracture due to spinal involvement of RDD has not been reported. CNS RDD is a rare benign histiocytic proliferative disorder, with imaging findings typically showing a meningioma-like, dural-based extra-axial mass lesion, which can be solitary or multiple. Imaging studies typically show an enhancing meningeal-based mass with a variable amount of edema surrounding the lesion. Skeletal involvement of RDD as a sole manifestation is extremely rare, occurs in less than 2% of all RDD patients and involves the long bones such as tibia, femur, humerus, clavicle and bones of the hands or skull, and is usually multiple. Skeletal lesions of RDD are intramedullary osteolytic with either poorly or sharply defined margins. Spinal Rosai-Dorfman disease can be misdiagnosed as meningioma when arising from dura or as metastatic disease of another cause when presenting as vertebral body disease.10 The most common differential diagnosis of a primary bone RDD includes bacterial osteomyelitis, fungal infections such as histoplasmosis and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Definitive diagnosis requires tissue examination. Microscopically, lymph node enlargement with sinuses containing prominent numbers of histiocytes with phagocytosed lymphocytes. This is a typical picture of RDD. Immunopositivity is expressed by these cells for both CD68 and S-100 protein, and negative for CD1a. RDD has a typical finding in histopathologic studies, that is emperioplesis; a phenomenon of phagocytosis of intact lymphocytes, plasma cells, erythrocytes or neutrophils.11 LCH is a close differential diagnosis both on radiology and histology. Both histiocytes of RDD and LCH are positive for CD68 and S100, but CD1a is positive in LCH. Also Langerhans cell histiocytosis does not exhibit emperioplesis. Treatment in the majority of cases is not indicated as it is a benign and self-limiting.12,13 Therapy is indicated in patients with bulky extra nodal disease with involvement of vital organs or causing life threatening complications.13 Surgical resection or debulking can be considered as an option only when the nodal mass iss compressing airway or intra dural lesion.13 When complete resection cannot be achieved, adjuvant radiosurgery can be give successful partial resection.14 Surgical excision of resectable lesions induced complete remission (CR) in 8 out of 9 patients.13 The role radiotherapy in the treatment has not been established. Various medical alternatives in the management have been tried with limited results. Short term Systemic corticosteroids and prolonged course low dose oral prednisolone has been effectively used in RDD with skin and lymph nodal involvement with respiratory obstruction.15 Steroids tend to alleviate the symptoms and decrease nodal size, recurrences have been reported following withdrawal of steroids. Chemotherapeutic agents have been used without any encouraging results. Combination chemotherapy of low dose MTX and 6-MP, MTX/6MP/vinblastine/6-thioguanine and acyclovir with thalidomide have been tried with limited benefit to patients. It is possible that different patients with RDD may respond to different drugs. Targeted therapy in the form of imatinib, interferon- ÃŽ ±, cladarabine and more recently rituximab has also been in the treatment of RDD.

Main differences between British and American English Essay

American English is now different from its British mother and we could say it is more than another dialect due to its importance nowadays. At the beginning of its history, after the American emancipation, there were two opposite attitudes towards the language: those who wanted to eradicate any legacy from the colonization and did not want a British model for their language and those who felt language loyalty towards mother- English. But finally, as in many British colonies, linguistic emancipation was a consequence of politics. The growing importance of American English is also due to politics: after World War II, when the United States assumed a more global role and had greater influence in fields such as economic, technological and political, America became a linguistic model. As well as this American English has a dominant influence in the world because in US there is 70% of the native English speakers’ population, for its big publishing industry and mass media technology and for the magnitude of higher education. The main differences between British English and American English are pronunciation, spelling and lexicon. However, syntax is not a big difference. Now we are going to have a glimpse at each, illustrating them with some examples. Referring to pronunciation we can settle some basic parameters to see the difference between dialects. First we have the merger of [I] and [a] before nasal consonants, makes pin and pen homophones in the American dialect. Many words that used to be stressed on their second syllable are now stressed in their first syllable (like reconcile) but in America nowadays this process is even more rapid. Words like cigar, hotel and Detroit are now front-stressed. Then there is the deletion or reduction of weakly stressed syllables, a process that has been really important in English phonetics and that now is extending throughout the States. An example of that would be fence from defense or ‘lectricity for electricity. Now let us have a look at spelling. Generally American English -or as a word ending is -our in British English like in color- colour and American English -er is usually equivalent to -re in British English, like in center and centre . In American English the final e is removed form verbs when making the gerund whereas in British English is not usual, like routing and routeing (US-UK) and another common difference is that American prefer -ization and -ize instead of the British -isation and -ise, for example organization- organize (Am.) and organise- organisation ( Br.). Probably the major difference between these two varieties is vocabulary, so words and idioms are quite distant. American lexicon is different because at first Americans had to name things that did not exist in Britain and then, for geographic reasons, it started changing and having its own criteria. Some words mean different things in the two varieties, for instance mean is â€Å"not generous† in British English and â€Å"angry, bad humoured† in American, rubber is â€Å"a tool to erase pencil† in British English and â€Å"a condom† in American English. These differences are on dictionaries but many vocabulary terms are used in a single form for each variety and then we can say it is the biggest difference between American and British. For example we can have trunk in American and lorry in British. Besides that, American English has reinforced archaic words such as maybe, which are not usual in Britain. Syntax is the most similar characteristic between these two dialects, but it also has some peculiarities in American English. To start with, double negation is possible and in British it is not. e.g.: I don’t have no money vs. I don’t have any money. Then, in American English there is a variation in the structure of indirect questions, which can be done as it follows: she asked him did he do it. Also the pronoun system varies: in general they are used in the nominative case , as a consequence I, she, he and we are prepositional or verbal objects. Referring to tenses there is a difference in the present perfect, which in British English is used to express and action that has occurred in the recent past and that continues in the present somehow. For example I’ve lost my key would be okay in American English but it is also possible I lost my  key, which is not correct in Britain. To express possession, while both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), have got (have you got, he hasn’t got, etc.) is the usual form in British English while American English uses the have (do you have, he doesn’t have etc.)

African Civilization

Chapter 1 Physical Context of African History: Geography and Environment 1. Although some may think of Africa as being of a single climate and terrain description, in reality a wide variety of land types can be found throughout Africa. How does this wide variety of climates and physical terrains affect human life and settlement patterns on the African continent? Different terrains and climates allowed for different lifestyles for Africans in different regions. Those close to the sea were susceptible to invasion, but had the advantage of maritime trade.Those living more in land were isolated but protected by the diseases visitors would contract that did not affect the locals. Due to the fact that Africa is so massive, it has many different climates and terrain types. Some are more favorable to living conditions for humans and some not so much such as the Sahara Desert. Page Ref: 4-8 Topic: Physical Features of the Continent 2. Despite its large size, much of Africa has a very low popu lation density. What are the reasons that most of Africa’s population is crowded in a few small regions?This is due to the fact that there are a few areas in which the soil is not poor. Areas such as volcanic highlands; in which are cooler and have richer soils, allowing for important crops to grow. Page Ref: 8-9 Topic: Challenges of the African Environment 3. What factors limit the agricultural viability of land in Africa? Why is this seen more in some parts of the continent than in others? Assess how these factors would most likely affect human populations in Africa. There are parts of Africa in which the soil is very poor due to years of inactivity.This makes it harder for farmers to tend and grow crops. Other parts get barely any rain or too much rain. Human population would be more prominent in areas where there is good soil, allowing for the flourishing of society. Page Ref: 9 4. How has the presence of disease in Africa served as both a positive and a negative factor t hroughout its history? Diseases in Africa served as a positive in that it protected Africans from invasions. Outsiders who tried to invade where not accustom to tropical parts of the Country which carried many diseases.The locals were born in raised in these areas which made them fair better as their immune systems were adapted to these diseases. Page Ref: 9-12 5. There are several primary differences between malaria and yellow fever in terms of their effects on humans. Considering the differences between the two, which disease would have had a greater effect on preventing foreign intervention and advancement in Africa? When supporting your answer, consider the effect these diseases had on indigenous populations as well. Yellow Fever would have the greater effect on preventing foreign invasion.This is true because unlike malaria Africans usually contract yellow fever as kids and become immune to it, unlike outsiders who are not. Malaria is both equally fatal to outsiders as it is to locals, especially cerebral malaria. Page Ref: 9-11 6. Assess the role of trypanosomiasis in the formation of the African economy. Provide specific examples to support your assessment. Trypanosomiasis affected the formation of the African economy by the way it affected animals. Due to the fact that this disease killed many animals, areas in which the disease was prevalent would hurt the local economy.It prevented people in these areas to keep cattle which were important for their livelihoods. Additionally, the fact that this disease was cruel to Horses, the military would be affected as well, due to the sheer importance of horses for military uses. 7. Consider explanations given for the rising number of cases of trypanosomiasis in the recent past. What effects do you feel this increase and the cause behind it would have on life in Africa amongst native populations as well as foreign settlers? As long as there are areas that are depopulated, tsetse flies will begin to redeveloped in these areas.This will cause cattle to die out and affect the local and foreign farmers. Page Ref: 12 8. Despite very similar climates, the histories of Africa and Australia and its surrounding islands have been very different. Consider the theory presented in the text to explain this reality, and assess how it can be applied to North America. This can be applied to North America, due to the fact that as climates and terrains change and diseases take a toll on population, one must adapt with the environment in which we live in. Page Ref: 12-13 Topic: The African Environment in Global Perspective . Consider how Africa’s geography has changed over time. What positive and negative effects would these changes have had on human populations on the continent? As their new homes changed they were able to adapt due to their innovative mindset. This can be attributed to the new found organization thanks to language. Allowing Africans to grow and expand throughout the entire continent. Other factors that can be attributed are the change in geography for some parts such as the Sahara drying out and swamps and lakes disappeared. Page Ref: 4-8 Topic: Physical Features of the Continent 0. Compare African geography to North American geography. Despite any similarities, significant differences exist in agricultural patterns and population density. What are the reasons for these differences, and how do they reflect the uniqueness of Africa? Africa is an extremely big continent and because of this there are many different climates and terrains. North America can fit three times in the continent of Africa. Although North America has a vast set of climates and terrains as well, it does not have to deal with the sheer size of Africa in order to flourish.North America also tends to get an even amount of rain throughout the continent, unlike Africa. In Africa the people must take advantage of the rich terrains, reason why some areas are so populated as opposed to others. Page Ref: 4-8 Chapter 2 Africa and Human Origins 1. How did the theories espoused by biologists such as Carl Linnaeus and Charles Darwin alter previous perceptions of human origins and animal life on earth? What role do you believe these theories had in establishing Africa as the original home of human life on earth?Both Carl and Charles believed that humans adapted from a primates. This way of thinking that humans adapted from a past species due to environmental changes, got the ball rolling on a way of thinking involving evolution. As a result of the remains of a skeleton that was found in Germany that could not be identified. This seemed to give proof to the idea of adaptation. Because the earliest human ancestor specimen remains were found in Africa, gave light to it being the origin of human life on earth. Page Ref: 15-16 Topic: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Origins and the Notion of Race . Why do paleontologists believe that fossils of creatures such as Australopithecus africa nus and Homo erectus are ancestors of modern humans? Do you find this evidence to be credible? Why or why not? I do find the evidence to be credible due to the many similarities between their structure and ours. As we have found through history, that all living things adapt to their environment. We are just a more adapted form of these fossils. Page Ref: 16-19 Topic: Evolutionary Perspectives to the 1980s 3. What effect did the mobility of Homo erectus have on the course of human history?Why is this important, and what does it signal about its role in evolutionary biology? The mobility of Homo erectus allowed for the developments of tools such as the Acheulean. They also were the first to expand into different environments, allowing for expansion and population growth. This affected human history in a great way, because their expansion allowed for the growth and survival of the human race. Page Ref: 18-19 4. What potential flaws do you see with the Multiregional model of human devel opment? Assess the evidence in support of this model. The evidence that an extra evolution only passed through Europe is sketchy.There is nothing to prove that Neanderthals only existed in Europe and nowhere else. All past Homo species eventually evolved into what we are today. That should show us that we are all equal and no race is superior to the other. Page Ref: 19 5. How have paleontological discoveries made within the past few decades contributed to our knowledge about the origins and evolution of modern humans? Were these all in Africa? What might explain this? Through the discovery of the past fossils it gave us proof of human evolution through time. Not all were found in Africa as there was one found in Germany for example.However it appears that the oldest fossils we evolved from are indeed found in Africa. Page Ref: 19-22 Topic: New Perspectives and Debates since the 1980s 6. How does the â€Å"Out of Africa† model differ from the â€Å"Multiregional model†? What evidence exists to show that one is probably more accurate than the other? The main difference is that in the Out of Africa model; most of the evolution took place in Africa. While in the Multiregional model evolution occurred in isolation in different areas of the world. And additionally, there was an extra evolution step in Europe.Most of the fossil evidence supports the Out of Africa model and most experts agree in that all humans derive from Africa originally. Page Ref: 19, 21-22 Topic: Evolutionary Perspectives to the 1980s, New Perspectives and Debates since the 1980s 7. The issue of race has long been controversial in evolutionary biology and related fields of study. What does the â€Å"Out of Africa† model contribute to the debate on race, and what does it mean for theories on race as a biological construct? This model states that all humans are the same race essentially (African) and it does not matter what color skin we are if the origins all trace back to Afr ica.The theories of race are only about individuality and social and political classes. At the end of the day everybody is just one race: human. Page Ref: 22 Topic: Questioning Race 8. What is the significance of Neanderthal fossils? How do these differ from other fossils, and how have they contributed to ideas regarding race and racial superiority? Neanderthal fossils are the closest fossils to the human race. They have the closest skull measurements, essentially making them closest to being as smart as humans today. Neanderthals since the 1980’s are considered the end of an evolution for a species that is radically different from modern humans.However, before this determination the Europeans viewed the Neanderthals as an example of racial superiority. Page Ref: 19 Topic: Evolutionary Perspectives to the 1980s 9. Where do early ideas about race and race specific characteristics originate? What does this signify about Europeans prior to the development of evolutionary biology and related theories regarding the development of racial differences? They originated from the scientist trying to find proof of races superiority over another one. Europeans were trying to justify racial segregation, denial of rights, and colonial rule. Page Ref: 15-16Topic: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Origins and the Notion of Race 10. How has the Human Genome Project been used to establish Africa’s place in the story of human origins? What has it revealed, and what does it signify about evolutionary biology and the â€Å"Out of Africa† model? It proved that all human population shares an incredibly close genetic relationship. It also proved that humans lived in Africa longer than any other part of the world. This discovery gives scientific support in that all humans races originate in Africa. Page Ref: 21-22 Topic: New Perspectives and Debates since the 1980s

When Is the FAFSA Deadline for 2019 Federal and State

When Is the FAFSA Deadline for 2019 Federal and State SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips To be considered for federal financial aid, you must complete and submit the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA. Most states, colleges, and universities also use the FAFSA to award other types of institutional financial aid, including state- and college-sponsored financial aid, such as grants, educational loans, and work-study programs. If you don’t get your FAFSA submitted by the deadline, you might be missing out on free money. Don’t do that. Make sure you know all the applicable federal, state, and college deadlines. Get that money! In this article, we'll discuss when you should submit the FAFSA and how to ensure you don't miss any important deadlines. We'll also explain the financial aid process after you submit your FAFSA. When Are Federal FAFSA Deadlines? You can file a FAFSA for the 2018-2019 school year anytime between October 1, 2017, and June 30, 2019. Online applications must be submitted by midnight Central Time on June 30, 2019.Any corrections or updates must be submitted by midnight Central Time on September 14, 2019. For the 2019-2020 school year, you can file anytime from October 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020.Once again, applications must be submitted by midnight Central Time on the final date. Corrections or updates must be submitted by September 12, 2020. If you're applying to college this year (meaning you'd start in fall 2019), you should submit your FAFSA as soon as possible- definitely by summer- to meet state and college deadlines and to maximize the amount of aid you can receive. When Are State FAFSA Deadlines? FAFSA deadlines vary for each state to be eligible for state-sponsored financial aid. Generally, state deadlines have remained the same from year to year. A number of statesask students to submit their FAFSA as soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Then, financial aid will continue to be awarded until state funds are depleted. Thus, it's essential to submit your FAFSA early if you live in one of these states. Below, I have listed all the state deadlines for the FAFSA for the 2019-2020 school year. The dates are for 2019 unless otherwise noted. As previously mentioned, these deadlines tend to stay the same each year. This information was taken directly from the FAFSA website. Alabama Check with your financial aid administrator. Alaska Alaska Performance Scholarship - June 30. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified.Awards made until funds are depleted. Alaska Education Grant - As early as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. American Samoa Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Arizona Check with your financial aid administrator. Arkansas Arkansas Challenge - June 1 by midnight Central Time. Workforce Grant - Check with your financial aid administrator. Higher Education Opportunity Grant - June 1 by midnight Central Time. California March 2 (postmarked by) for many state financial aid programs. Cal Grant also requires submission of a school certified GPA by March 2. Applicants are encouraged to obtain proof of mailing their GPA and to retain a copy of their GPA form. For additional community college Cal Grants - September 2 (postmarked). Colorado Check with your financial aid administrator. Connecticut February 15 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required.Contact your financial aid administrator or your state agency. Delaware April 15 by midnight Central Time. District of Columbia May 1 For DCTAG, complete the DC OneApp and submit supporting documents by May31. Federated States of Micronesia Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Florida May 15 (date processed) Georgia Check with your financial aid administrator. Guam Check with your financial aid administrator.Additional forms may be required. Hawaii Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Idaho Opportunity Grant - March 1 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required. Contact your financial aid administrator or state agency. Illinois As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Indiana Frank O'Bannon Grant- April 15 by midnight Central Time. 21st Century Scholarship- April 15 by midnight Central Time. Adult Student Grant- As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Workforce Ready Grant- As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Iowa July 1 by midnight Central Time. Earlier priority deadlines may exist for certain programs. Additional forms may be required. Kansas April 1 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required. Contact your financial aid administrator or your state agency. Kentucky As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Louisiana July 1, 2020 (July 1, 2019 recommended) Maine May 1 by midnight Central Time. Marshall Islands Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Maryland March 1 by midnight Central Time. Massachusetts May 1 by midnight Central Time. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Michigan March 1 by midnight Central Time. Minnesota 30 days after term starts by midnight Central Time. Mississippi MTAG and MESG Grants - September 15 by midnight Central Time. Additional forms may be required. HELP Scholarship - March 31 by midnight Central Time. Additional forms may be required. Missouri For priority consideration, submit by February 1. Applications are accepted throughApril 1 by midnight Central Time. Montana Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. N. Mariana Islands For priority consideration, submit by midnight Central Time on April 30. Additional forms may be required. Nebraska Check with your financial aid administrator. Nevada Nevada Promise Scholarship- April 1. Additional forms may be required. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Silver State Opportunity Grant - As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. All other aid - Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. New Hampshire Check with your financial aid administrator.Additional forms may be required. New Jersey 2018-19 Tuition Aid Grant recipients -- April 15 by midnight Central Time. All other applicants - September 15 by midnight Central Time for fall and spring terms; February 15, 2020, by midnight Central Time for spring term only. New Mexico Check with your financial aid administrator. New York June 30, 2020, by midnight Central Time. Additional forms may be required. North Carolina As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. North Dakota As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Ohio October 1 by midnight Central Time. Oklahoma As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Oregon OSAC Private Scholarships- March 1. Additional forms may be required. Oregon Promise Grant- Contact your state agency. Additional forms may be required. Oregon Opportunity Grant- As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Palau Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Pennsylvania All first-time applicants enrolled in a community college; business, trade, or technical school; hospital school of nursing; designated Pennsylvania Open-Admission institution; or non-transferable two-year program - August 1 by midnight Central Time. All other applicants - May 1 by midnight Central Time.Additional forms may be required Puerto Rico Check with your financial aid administrator. Rhode Island Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. South Carolina Tuition Grants - June 30 by midnight Central Time. SC Commission on Higher Education Need-based Grants - As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. South Dakota Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Tennessee State Grant - February 1. Eligible prior-year recipients receive priority, and all other awards are made to neediest applicants until funds are depleted. Tennessee Promise - February 1 (date received). State Lottery - Fall term: September 1 by midnight Central Time; spring summer terms (date received): February 1, 2020, by midnight Central Time (date received). Texas As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Texas public colleges - January 15. For priority consideration, submit application by date specified. Additional forms may be required. Texas private colleges - Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. US Virgin Islands Check with your financial aid administrator.Additional forms may be required. Utah Check with your financial aid administrator. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Additional forms may be required. Vermont As soon as possible after October 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. Additional forms may be required. Virginia Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. Washington As soon as possible afterOctober 1, 2018. Awards are made until funds are depleted. West Virginia PROMISE Scholarship - March 1. New applicants must submit additional information at www.cfwv.com. Contact your financial aid administrator or state agency. WV Higher Education Grant Program - April 15. Wisconsin Check with your financial aid administrator. Wyoming Check with your financial aid administrator. Additional forms may be required. When Are College FAFSA Deadlines? Most institutional deadlines for the FAFSA are between January and March for the following academic year.Some schools have deadlines as early as the second week in January. Make sure to check with the colleges you're interested in attending about their deadlines. You should also ask whether the deadline is for when the college must receive the FAFSA by, or for when the FAFSA must be processed by. Timeline After Submitting the FAFSA Generally, threedays after you submit your FAFSA, you'll receive your SAR,orStudent Aid Report, electronically. If you don't provide an email address, you'll receive your SAR by mail in seven to 10 days. The SAR summarizes your FAFSA information and gives a dollar amount for your expected family contribution for the next academic year.Your expected family contribution is used by colleges to calculate the amount of aid you're eligible to receive. Make sure all the information is correct on your SAR and submit any corrections if needed. Note thatyou might need to submit additional forms or documentation to financial aid officesif colleges ask you to do so. Some colleges require forms in addition to the FAFSA for financial aid. Typically, between March and April, you'll receive financial aid award letters from the colleges that accepted you. Normally, you'll get them with your acceptance letters or a couple weeks after. In your financial aid award letters, you'll find out how much financial aid you'll get and what your aid will consist of between loans, grants, and work-study.From your award letters, you can determine your out-of-pocket expenses for each school. Generally, you have to commit to the college you're going to attend by May 1. Between May and September, you can apply for supplemental aid to cover your cost of education, if needed. Your parents may borrow up to your cost of education minus your financial aid through the Federal PLUS loan. You may borrow up to your cost of education minus your financial aid through many private student loan programs. Finally, between May and September, if you receive a Federal Stafford Loan, you should complete the Master Promissory Note, which acts as a contract between you and your lender, saying that you agree to the terms of the loan and will repay it. Your school might provide this form to you or tell you where to complete it online. Tips to Help You Meet FAFSA Deadlines It is imperative that you submit your FAFSA by the appropriate deadline. If you don't do this, you could lose out on tens of thousands of dollars to help pay for your education. Your best bet is tosubmityour FAFSA early on- within the first couple weeks of October. This will ensure you don't miss any deadlines and will be eligible for all federal, state, and college financial aid. However, I know some of you like to procrastinate, sohere are some tips to help you stay on track: Start a financial aid folder to keep all your financial aid documents organized.Doing so will save you time and help you out, especially considering the fact that you must file a FAFSA every year you apply for financial aid! Make a note of the earliest deadline (state, federal, or college) you need to know on a calendar. Set a notification on your phone a week or two before this deadline, too. In September, start looking at the FAFSA with your parents and get together any documentation you might need for it. Encourage your parents to prepare their income tax returns as soon as possible after January 1 since you might need their returns for financial aid purposes. Regardless of whether or not your parents plan on paying for your college education, most studentswill be considered dependents for FAFSA purposes. If you have a good counselor at your high school, try to meet with her regularly. Many counselors excel at making sure their students submit all applications and forms in time. This guy might be able to help you get your FAFSA submitted on time. What's Next? College is super pricey these days, making it crucial to apply for financial aid.Learn aboutthe importance of the FAFSA and financial aid in our guide tohow much college costs. Looking for more financial tips? Then check out our expert guides onhow to get a student loan and the best jobs for teens. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

4 Tips for Duke Essays That Will Get You Accepted

4 Tips for Duke Essays That Will Get You Accepted SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you want to be a Blue Devil? If so, you’ll need to submit strong Duke essays as part of your application. Duke requires its applicants to answer two to four essay and short answer questions when they apply. In this article, we’ll break down each of those questions and explain exactly what you need to do to write amazing Duke supplement essay. What Is the Duke Supplement Essay? Duke requires that you submit two to four writing samples as part of your application. You’re required to answer one longer essay prompt and one short answer question. You also have the option of answering up to two more short answer questions. Duke requires the Duke supplement essay questions as part of its application process for a couple of reasons. First of all, written essays are a great way to assess your preparedness for college. Duke wants to see that you can write clearly and concisely and can follow all of the necessary grammar conventions. Duke also wants to get to know you more as a student and possible member of its campus. Essays are a great way to learn more about who you really are beyond your test scores and other credentials. Finally, your Duke essays are a great place to demonstrate your affinity for Duke itself. Why do you want to go there? Your essays can highlight your passion for the university. It’s extremely important to put time and effort into each one of the Duke supplement essay prompts so that you’re able to meet all of these needs. Duke Supplement Essay Prompts You’ll have to answer at least two and as many as four Duke supplement essay prompts for your Duke application. All students are required to write one longer essay. The essay you write will be determined by whether you’re submitting the Common Application or the Coalition Application (Duke accepts both). You’re also required to answer at least one short answer question. There are two more short answer questions that are optional for all applicants. If you apply to Duke via the Coalition Application, you’ll select one essay prompts to answer. For more information on how to ace your Coalition Application essay and an analysis of each prompt, check out our in-depth guide. If you apply to Duke via the Common Application, you’ll need to select one essay. For more information on how to craft an amazing Common Application essay and in-depth look at each prompt, check out our blog post dedicated to that very topic. 2018-19 Required Duke Essays All Duke students are required to answer one short answer question for their Duke admissions essay. The short answer question you respond to is determined by which school within Duke you’re applying to. If you are applying to the Pratt School of Engineering as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you want to study engineering and why you would like to study at Duke. (150 words maximum) If you are applying to the Trinity College of Arts Sciences as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something particular about Duke that attracts you? (150 words maximum) 2018-19 Optional Duke Essays You also have the option of responding to two optional Duke essays. Duke makes it clear that these Duke admissions essay prompts are completely optional. You won’t be penalized if you don’t answer them. Duke University seeks a talented, engaged student body that embodies the wide range of human experience; we believe that the diversity of our students makes our community stronger. If you'd like to share a perspective you bring or experiences you've had to help us understand you better- perhaps related to a community you belong to or your family or cultural background- we encourage you to do so. Real people are reading your application, and we want to do our best to understand and appreciate the real people applying to Duke. (250 words maximum) Duke’s commitment to diversity and inclusion includes gender identity and sexual orientation. If you would like to share with us more about either, and have not done so elsewhere in the application, we invite you to do so here. (250 words maximum) Required Duke Essays, Analyzed If you are applying to the Pratt School of Engineering as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you want to study engineering and why you would like to study at Duke. (150 words maximum) 150 words isn’t a lot of words to describe your love for Duke and your passion for engineering! You’ll need to be clear, succinct, and honest in order for your Duke admissions essay to stand out. Because the word limit is so constrained, it’s better to focus on one or two specific ideas, rather than trying to cram as many thoughts as possible into your short essay. While you may be enamored of Duke’s entire engineering faculty, choose one specific professor whose work you admire and expand on that. Any depth you can achieve in this small space will go a long way. Be sure to answer both parts of this question: you need to explain why you want to study engineering and why you want to study engineering at Duke. While the two answers might be intertwined, both should be clearly present in your response. When discussing why you want to study at Duke, pick things that are unique to Duke’s program. Don’t just say you want a great engineering education - you can get that at dozens of universities. Instead, specify what makes Duke’s engineering program different than all of the others. If you’re stuck, try perusing their course catalogue and looking at the program’s website and any recent publications. Chances are, you’ll catch something that stands out. If you are applying to the Trinity College of Arts Sciences as either a first-year or transfer applicant, please discuss why you consider Duke a good match for you. Is there something particular about Duke that attracts you? (150 words maximum) This Duke admissions essay question is also constrained in word count and focuses more on Duke’s merits than the engineering question. You’re not required to have any particular major in mind here, but it may be helpful to consider your academic course of study as you’re looking for reasons why Duke stands out to you. Duke is asking this question because they want their admitted applicants to enroll, so you need to demonstrate why your passion for this university would result in your attendance next fall. Convince the admissions committee that Duke is the one school for you. You can do this by researching specific facts about the university and its community. Because this question doesn’t ask you about your course of study, you don’t need to limit yourself to academics. If there’s something about Duke’s campus or culture that really stands out to you, now is the time to talk about it. Better to be honest and true to yourself than spew a bunch of platitudes that you think the admissions committee wants to hear. Optional Duke Admission Essay Prompts, Analyzed Duke University seeks a talented, engaged student body that embodies the wide range of human experience; we believe that the diversity of our students makes our community stronger. If you'd like to share a perspective you bring or experiences you've had to help us understand you better- perhaps related to a community you belong to or your family or cultural background- we encourage you to do so. Real people are reading your application, and we want to do our best to understand and appreciate the real people applying to Duke. (250 words maximum) Treat this question as an opportunity to share more about yourself. If you have something real and important to write about, do so. But don’t try to invent an experience that doesn’t actually belong to you - it’ll come across as fake and insincere. Unless you really have nothing to say, I’d suggest including something. If you choose to answer this question, lean into authenticity. Don’t be scared to be vulnerable or honest. While the question talks about Duke’s commitment to diversity, don’t feel like you have to invent diverse experiences just to fit in. Share about your unique perspective. Be sure to indicate why this point-of-view belongs to you, and you alone. Your perspective is made up by your experiences and interactions, so you can highlight how these have affected you. Duke’s commitment to diversity and inclusion includes gender identity and sexual orientation. If you would like to share with us more about either, and have not done so elsewhere in the application, we invite you to do so here. Don’t answer this optional essay unless you have something real to say. Don’t feel intimidated or scared that ignoring this question will reflect badly on you. It won’t. You should really only address this prompt if you’re a member of the LGBTQ community. What will reflect badly on you is making something up that comes across as insincere, or worse, ignorant. Speak truthfully and from the heart. Similarly, if you do have reflections on gender identity and sexual orientation, don’t feel like you have to share them. Remember, this essay is optional. It’s completely fine if you’re not quite comfortable enough or ready to talk publicly about these topics. If you choose to answer this question, only speak about real experiences that happened to you. It’s better to keep them personal. This essay isn’t the place to reflect on the overall political climate surrounding LGBTQ+ rights, especially if those issues don’t relate to you. It is, however, the space to talk about your specific identity and journey. How to Write Great Duke Essays If you want your Duke essays to stand out and help you get admitted, follow these tips! #1: Use Your Own Voice The point of a college essay is for the admissions committee to have the chance to get to know you beyond your test scores, grades, and honors. Your admissions essays are your opportunity to make yourself come alive for the essay readers and to present yourself as a fully fleshed out person. You should, then, make sure that the person you’re presenting in your college essays is yourself. Don’t try to emulate what you think the committee wants to hear or try to act like someone you’re not. If you lie or exaggerate, your essay will come across as insincere, which will diminish its effectiveness. Stick to telling real stories about the person you really are, not who you think Duke wants you to be. #2: Avoid Cliched or Overused Phrases When writing your Duke essays, try to avoid using cliches or overused quotes or phrases. These include quotations that have been quoted to death and phrases or idioms that are overused in daily life. The college admissions committee has probably seen numerous essays that state, â€Å"Be the change you want to see in the world.† Strive for originality. Similarly, avoid using cliches, which take away from the strength and sincerity of your work. Don’t speak in platitudes about how the struggle for gay and lesbian rights has affected you†¦ unless it actually has! #3: Check Your Work It should almost go without saying, but you want to make sure your Duke essays are the strongest example of your work possible. Before you turn in your Duke application, make sure to edit and proofread your essays. Your work should be free of spelling and grammar errors. Make sure to run your essays through a spelling and grammar check before you submit. It’s a good idea to have someone else read your Duke essays, too. You can seek a second opinion on your work from a parent, teacher, or friend. Ask them whether your work represents you as a student and person. Have them check and make sure you haven’t missed any small writing errors. Having a second opinion will help your work be the best it possibly can be. That being said, make sure you don’t rely on them for ideas or rewrites. Your essays need to be your work. #4: Only Answer What You’re Comfortable With Remember, Duke’s optional essays are just that - optional. It can be tempting to respond to everything on the application and if you have an important story to tell, you definitely should. However, if you have nothing to say, don’t feel like you need to make something up. You’re better off answering less, honestly, then you are answering more, dishonestly. What’s Next? Have you taken the ACT or SAT yet? Not sure which one you’ll do best on? Read our guide to choose the test that’s right for you. If you've taken the SAT and want to improve your score, check out our guides to improving your Reading, Writing, and Math scores. Not sure what you want to major in?Don't worry! With our advice, you'll figure out what you should study as an undergrad. Want to write the perfect college application essay? Get professional help from PrepScholar. Your dedicated PrepScholar Admissions counselor will craft your perfect college essay, from the ground up. We'll learn your background and interests, brainstorm essay topics, and walk you through the essay drafting process, step-by-step. At the end, you'll have a unique essay that you'll proudly submit to your top choice colleges. Don't leave your college application to chance. Find out more about PrepScholar Admissions now:

Amy's Bread Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Amy's Bread - Essay Example Wholesale provides her steady demand because of lead time in making orders, while retail is essentially walk-in and uncertain. The secondary problem is how Amy could improve her profit margin. Amy’s Bread’s competitive advantage lies in its manual baking process. This causes it to incur higher manpower costs and keeps profit margin low. Amy has not made any cost or price analysis, or comparison with competitors, but only charges what she feels is right. Amy’s Bread was established in 1992 and is located in Manhattan. It serves 50 regular wholesale customers with waiting list of more than 30 wholesale customers, all quality hotels, gourmet food shops and restaurants. As to competitiveness, Amy’s competitive advantage is in her hand-baking method, which produces excellent bread of high quality that could otherwise not be attained. She has also been given excellent press and the reviews have improved her track record and clientele. Furthermore, competitive advantage also resides in Amy’s dedicated and engaged baking staff who has been trained well, and who remain loyal to the business. The solution to the main problem is to expand, since Amy’s Bread has already reached full capacity, and its potential wholesale market will assuredly bring sales to almost twice the former wholesale volume (additional 30 customers to the existing 50). Amy must expand to capture the large wholesale demand and to try to attain economies of scale. It is recommended that Amy should acquire the building she could renovate for $300,000, then move all the wholesale production facilities there and operate the present location for retail. In that manner, Amy could expand both her wholesale and retail businesses. This way she assumes only the additional capital expenses she could afford ($300,000 versus $500,000), she does not acquire additional extra space she does not need (6,000 versus

Internet is knocking down university walls Essay

Internet is knocking down university walls - Essay Example The replacement of classroom based university level education with online education has several benefits to offer to the adult students. There are various reasons due to which top universities such as the Harvard University has started offering online university courses. One of the main reasons is that adult learners who are university going students find it easier to study through online university programs rather than classroom based university programs. Adult learners have started accepting online education as an alternative to classroom based education due to the several benefits offered by online education. Due to this the number of adults obtaining online education is increasing with the passage of time. A research was conducted by Parker et al. in which the researchers identified that one in every four American college students is taking online courses (Parker et al., 2011). Due to these various benefits along with the high number of students interested in online education, universities have started offering online education. There are several benefits that online university education has to offer to adult learners. One of the major benefits that university level students obtain from online education is that this form of education does not interfere with their professional and personal lives. Neighbors conducted a study in which he identified that there were two main reasons due to which adult learners were opting for online university courses. One of the reasons due to which they were pursuing online university courses was that this form of education provided them with flexibility to obtain education along with professional work and personal life. Another major benefit that adults obtain by attaining online education is that this form of education allows them to move forward in their careers. Attending a university is not an appropriate option for all working adults. This because they do not get enough

Personal Philosophy of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Personal Philosophy of Nursing - Essay Example Indeed, such image is what most people hold henceforth, no disagreeable reactions should be manifested in the presence of patients even though a nurse may be in trouble or is not feeling well. This makes it important for nurses to have healthy environments and strong support systems to enable them to accomplish their duties despite the challenges they go through in their personal lives. Being caring and patient are already difficult. However, having such attributes is not enough for a person to become a nurse. Nurses should have enough knowledge about various diseases and their managements that is why a person’s educational background is very important. Moreover he should also be well-trained in the matter. When a nurse is knowledgeable and well-trained, he will be able to perform his responsibilities efficiently but effectively. In addition, a nurse should also have effective communication skills. Since nurses deal with different people from different familial and cultural backgrounds, they should be able to express their thoughts well. Moreover, it is also essential that they understand what people convey through words and body language because it is a part of their job to make initial assessments of the patients and relay the information to physicians. When this is not well communicated, patients may not be given necessary

The outbreak of the cold war between the years of 1945-49 Essay Example for Free

The outbreak of the cold war between the years of 1945-49 Essay Question: Using sources A,B,C,D,E and F your own knowledge, who do you think was to blame for the outbreak of the cold war between the years of 1945-49? There is numerous numbers of arguments that blame the Russians for the Cold war this was by people with clear orthodox views. This is shown in sources A, B, C and D. But however many revisionists have also argued that USA was at fault, this can be seen in source E. However post revisionist argues that cold war was both Russias and the USAs fault this can be seen in source F. Source A is from a historian who talks about the need for American self interest. The importance of the American economy. I think that this source shows that Americas was not at fault for the Cold war and that they were only trying to stabilise their economy and avoid another depression. The source is clearly written by a person with orthodox views as it also say that post-war period was a perfect way of America spreading its idea of peace and prosperity. This source I feel clearly shows that Russia was to blame as it shows that America was only interested in self interest. Furthermore Source B highlights the point the point that Russia was to blame for the cold war this is because source B is a picture of a traditional Russian Bear smothering the world and crawling all over it. This shows that the Russians intended to spread their word of communism all over the world. The source is clearly drawn by a person with orthodox views and who believes that Russia was trying to bring the whole world under its sphere of influence. This again shows that Russia was to blame for the cold war. In addition Source D which was written by Arthur Schlesinger who was a key orthodox writer? Source D shows that after the war Stalin had a lingering hunger for world domination which was driven by his paranoia and also says that the cold war was a response by America which was trying to liberate the communist aggression. This clearly shows that the Russia was to blame for the Cold war this is because of when Schlesinger stated that Stalin wanted world domination this shows that America only countered to stop the world from falling into the hands of Stalin. Furthermore in Source C it firstly says that America provoked Russia but however it quickly moves to establish the point that the USA was responding to a range of dangers from the Soviets for e.g. the Iron Curtain which Churchill spoke about. Source C is also a clear orthodox view as it shows that USA only reacted to Russia initial actions. It also say that the USAs reaction was also a response to the results of the Second World War. Furthermore other facts that can be said that shows that Russia started the Cold war was the fact of its Salami Tactics and how it brought down many eastern European countries also the Czechoslovakian coup and the infamous death of Czech Patriot Jan Masuryk and also The Berlin Blockade. However Source E contradicts the fact that Russia was at fault for the Cold war this source shows that the Soviets only desired security in the form of friendly states and not in the form of invasion. But however instead of Russia paranoia the Americans paranoia that the soviets were planning to take over the world provoked them in taking an aggressive get tough with Russia policy. This is a revisionist view as it points the blame to the USA for the cold war. Furthermore during 1945-49 there was many things in which the Americans done to provoke the Russians such as in the infamous Iron curtain speech by Churchill also the Kennan Long telegram these are signs that America had started the Cold war because they started to provoke Russia first. However Source F contradicts both the Orthodox and the Revisionist view as its is a picture which shows that the Americans and the Russians trying to split the world in half. This post revisionist picture indicates that may be both the superpowers were at fault because they both seemed to want to bring counties into its sphere of influence the post revisionist view is what most neutral see as the correct view this is because if you weigh up all the actions between 1945-49 such as The Marshall plan, Truman doctrine and Berlin airlift vs. the Salami Tactics, Soviet pressure on Iran and the Berlin blockade then you can see that they just provoked each other. In conclusion I feel that the orthodox and revisionist view both highlight key points and show faults of the other sides but I feel that the post revisionist is the most accurate as it shows that both camps were at fault for the Cold war. This is because both the USA and the Russians had done things to accredit them with the blame of the cold war. Finally I believe that the cold war was a bilateral thing and only lasted so long because of both of the camps lack of negotiation.