Innocence and experience Essay Example for Free

Innocence and experience Essay When the theme of innocence and experience is being discussed you can distinguish the correlation between them, ho they both tie into one another. People view childhood as a time of innocence, growth, and freedom from the responsibilities of maturity, whereas adulthood is a time of experience. This coming of age is actually a time where we re-evaluate our identity as adolescences. It is the time in our lives where we continue to find our true selves and explore who we are by experiencing rough circumstances in life-even if it becomes a painful process-while being subjected to an awakening of a bigger picture of life outside our small world. In Araby by James Joyce, we can visualize the transition from fantasy to reality. The narrator thinks of an entire event in the form of an epic quest. He puts Mangan’s sister up on a pedestal and makes himself think he is a knight going after the princess. After hearing the conversation at the bazaar, the narrator reaches an epiphany but not a positive one. Instead of reaffirming his love for Mangan’s sister, he gives up. The boy has his epiphany, but we never find out what happens to his plans or ambitions after the epiphany. Araby focuses on the sudden transition from the illusions of childhood to the insight of maturity. He also leaves out the character’s names to show they haven’t developed a mature identity yet. The boy in Araby experiences the disillusionment in his ideas. At some point in our lives we experience something that begins to diminish what is left of our innocence. But this loss of innocence is what helps us move to a greater wisdom about ourselves and the world around us.

Critical Appreciation Of To His Coy Mistress English Literature Essay

Critical Appreciation Of To His Coy Mistress English Literature Essay The poem is written in iambic tetrameters because there are four feet in each line; and each foot consists of two syllables; and in each foot the first syllable is light or unstressed but the second is stressed. There are also some variations, say the first foot of the first line has a stressed syllable followed by an unstressed one; so it is trochaic; but it is natural to iambic, too. These variations have been written on purpose. In line 4, there are three successive stressed syllables in the words long loves days in order to emphasize the length of the time which is stated in the words. Of course, some of them are written only for variety like lines 3, 5, 6, and so on. There is a spondaic foot in line 12 in Vaster probably to add significance to the word. A pyrrhic begins line 18; in this line, the next foot is spondaic in last age for the emphasis which is concerning the period stated by the words. In line 22, hurrying has three successive light syllables which increase its sense. It is true of the word echoing in line 27, that is, since they are related to movement, a light thing can move fast; so they enhance their senses. The poem has a clear as bb cc rhyme scheme. Sometimes, it is not exact, i.e., in the words would and Flood. But in conjunction with the regular meter, it gives the poem a controlled and reflective tone. The rhyme and meter give it a pleasant musical effect. The imagery has superficially unremarkable, i.e., the distance between the Ganges river and the Humber river which has the sense of humor. The dominant images of the second stanza are concerning death and time; but death has not been used in the first stanza at all. The images of the third stanza are concerning youth and enjoying it. In this poem there are also some allusions to Greek mythology, courtly love, and the Bible. Then, there is no complicated tone; it is playful and urbane. No one can consider it as a kind of love poem. For the speaker establishes a courtly love which is particularly traditional. He wants to make his beloved a virtually inaccessible one who can be like goddess. In addition, she can be considered as a cruel lady who withholds her love from the speaker. So the lover sits by the Humber tide and complains of her cruelty. And he has served her by praise and adoration since the tie of Noahs Flood in 4000 B.C. and will also serve till the conversion of the Jews to Christianity. This is a humor because the time is to much. He says it for making the lady smile and be ready to hear a courtly love or divinity of the lady for the fact that the poet says her to sport them, to roll all their strength and sweetness up into one ball, and to tear their pleasures with rough strife. Some traditional meta phors are also used in the poem which represent the passing of times winged chariot. As we read the poem, we find out the fact that the male speaker enforces his mistress or girl friend to cease being coy or reluctant. There are several key words which should be cared by the reader. They consist of time, long loves day, the Flood, the slow growth of vast empires, a hundred years, two hundred years, thirty thousand years, an age, the last age, lower rate, times winged chariot, deserts of vast eternity, now, at once, our time, the iron gates of life, and the movement of the sun all of which suggest the passing of time, brevity of youth and time, and the urgency of experiencing all the delights of young love. The speaker also worries about them. There are also some rhetorical features. The first twenty lines represents a series of conditions, like if the things were somehow or if or if they were different from what they are. Therefore, it can be concluded the poet wants to say the fact that if they were not imprisoned by time. Tenses of Verbs If we divide the poem to three section notice that the first section, to do with if is written exclusively in the conditional tense: were, we would, you should. The conditional tense is about unreality; its abut things that do not exist. The conditional tense goes with if, and it is always connected with what is not, or what might happen if. The detailed descriptions of the lengths to which he would go if they had the time serve to prove to his mistress that he acknowledges she deserves such wooing, but is unable to honor her in this way simply because time is against them. In the second section o this poem, the But part (line 21) suddenly the conditional tense disappears an is replaced by the far more definite and immediate present tense: But at my back I always hear. A combination of the present tense and the adverb always creates a sense of certainty. It is as if the long, meandering lines of conditional wooing of the first stanza are sharply interrupted by a very present obstacle time. In the third section, the therefore part (line 33), notice that the whole segment is written in the present tense and now appears three times. The combinations of the present tense and now saturates the verse with a sense of urgency. It is also worth nothing that some of the verbs are in the imperative form that is, they are commands let us sport us while we may (line 37); let us roll all our strength (line 41). The imperative form, the present tense and now all work together to create a feeling of immediacy and a need to seize the day. Subjects and verbs In the last section, if we consider the final couplet, the doubt and suggestion of failure present in though we cannot make our sun/stand still, is quickly and thoroughly erased by the use of the emphatic we will as opposed to the plain future tense we shall. To explain clearly, the plain future form of the verb to be is as follows: I shall be, you/he/she/it will be, we shall be, you/they will be. This form gives us a sense of merely what will happen in time to come. For example, if it is cold tomorrow, we shall be staying at home. This is really a prediction: if this is the case, then that will happen. To make this into an emphatic form you need to change it thus: I will be, you/he/she/it shall be, we will be, you/they shall be. Therefore the emphatic form of a verb changes the sense considerably. Literary devices Literary devices are important for Formalists. Three important devices in the poem are allusions, ironies, exaggerations, imageries and rhythms. Allusions are discussed above, now we will discuss about ironies, exaggerations, imageries and rhythms. There are many overstatements in the poem, i.e., the distance between the Ganges river in India and the Humber river in England, the extension of the love from before the Flood to the conversion of the Jews, growing their loves as slowly as empires, praising her eyes and gaze during years, adoring her breast during 200 years, praising the rest of her body during 30,000 year, celebrating heart during the last age. These exaggerations come to an end with the following two lines: For, lady, you deserve this state Nor, would I love at lower rate. The poem is more than the simple confrontation with a coy lady. It is a comic argument which represents the brevity of youth and life, for the lover always looks toward the inevitable and that is death. It can be induced from the following lines: But at my back I always hear Times winged chariot hurrying near: And yonder all before us lie Deserts of vast eternity. Therefore, it is an overlapping context which has a new dimension, too. It is a kind of ironic defense against human beings limitation. The poem begins with flattering statements, expressed by the lover, as lady. Then, the argument shows their ideal relationship. He also achieves a fine sublimation by saying that she deserves this state; and he wants to persuade the lady to accept the proposition. In the second stanza, the tone of the poem is shifted because the speaker reveals all the disadvantages of this refusal by love. He also dares to state the result of the refusal by saying that will not be beautiful, and her quaint honor turn to dust. In the final stanza, the poet stops the ironical use of language, wanting the reluctant lady to seize the moment the imagery is brilliant and a sexual one, too. The image of fire which smolders in the first stanza and turns to ashes in the second, explodes into passion in the third stanza. The speaker, in the last four lines influences the lady by an orgiastic force formed by rhythmic spondees like thus, though, and stand, still and by suggestive puns like make our sun, and make him run. The poem moves towards unity and vitality with heavy emphasis on pleasure and a sense of cheating time by winning the battle against it. So the positive tone of the final stanza overrides the slowness of the first, and the harsh, violent coldness of the second. This is indeed the tactic of the narrator as he tries to convince his love to surrender to him. Using logic in such an emotive situation would seem inappropriate, but the passion with which he argues is indeed persuasive, and the reader reaches the final line with a sense of triumph an determination to let love rule, which we can only assume is also conveyed to his silent, cold coy mistress.

Soccer is my Hobby Essay -- Art

Soccer is my Hobby Why soccer is my hobby. Everybody has different hobbies that he or she would like to do for fun or relaxation. They can be either physical activities like jogging, football, swimming, skateboarding†¦ or mental activities like reading, watching movies, playing computers†¦ and depend on each personality. For me, soccer is my hobby because it’s part of my life and I cannot live without it. Living in country like Vietnam, soccer is the king of sport. That is why it is not surprising that my childhood has grown up with the soccer’s ball until today. My mom told me that I liked kicking the ball around and had so much fun with it when I was only about two years old. Since then, playing soccer is my favorite’s sport and it is my hobby whenever I have free time. It is interesting and amazing, especially the feeling when I score a goal or my teammates do it. That feeling fulfills in me like I have just archived something very important. Playing soccer also helps me to relax and be confident when I have stress and frustration. For instant, after doing assignment or studying all day long, I feel tired and exhausted. However, having fun with the ball such as kicking it against the wall or trying to do some tricks, all of my tiresome and exhaustion die out. Moreover, soccer is not only about passing and kicking the ball but also required a lot of thought, and some basic skills. So I often practice it and obviously, I feel healthy and stronger. Besides that, so...

The War on Drugs Essay -- Essays Papers

The War on Drugs To fully understand the significance and the seriousness of a War one must first fully understand the reasons that caused it in the first place. In this specific case the solution begins with several important yet seemingly simple questions†¦What is marijuana? How is it used? And why is it so coveted and widely distributed in Jamaica as well as the rest of the world?†¦ All these questions help clarify the reasoning behind the war on drugs and further investigation shows how Jamaica ends up being an important country in this puzzle as well. Lets begin with the first question, (What is marijuana), of course the dictionary definition is simply put,-a preparation of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, for use as an intoxicating hallucinogenic drug; applied to a crude preparation of the dried leaves, flowering tops, and stem of the plant that is generally smoked. However, beyond this explanation is what is commonly known as weed, which is simply an alternative to tobacco that results in sensational relaxed feeling that is described as high. This drugs origin can be traced back to ancient days when it was used as a healing supplement to cure several different medical conditions; its been used as a drink as well as an eliminator of menstrual pain and even more ironic marijuana has served as a religious connotation as well. However, the most commonly known usage of marijuana (after its being outlawed in the 1930’s) is as a drug and smoked or consumed by other means. Now that an understanding of the drug has been clarified one must look at the next important question, (Why is marijuana so coveted and distributed in Jamaica as well as the rest of the world?) Although marijuana usage and distribution is illegal ar... ...oes not effect the economy in a harmful way unless it is rendered illegal. This drug problem is much larger than Jamaica and should be handled as such. Work Cited/ Bibliography 1. â€Å"The Ganja Culture.† Jamaica Gleaner 27 Jul. 2001 http://www.jamaica- gleaner.com/ 2. â€Å"Jamaica Mulls Legalizing Marijuana.† Las Vegas Sun 25 Aug. 1999 http://www.cannabisnews.com/ 3. Morrison, Tony. â€Å"Holy Smoke! Legalize the weed, say church officials† 6 Jul. 2000. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/ 4. Kovach, Hill and Tom Rosenstiel. The Elements of Journalism. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001. 5. Williams, Lloyd. â€Å"US$ ganja cut—back.† 13 Mar. 2000. http://www.jamaica- gleaner.com/ 6. Ritch, Dawn. â€Å"Marijuana bringing a new dawn.† 5 Aug. 2001. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/

Chronicle of a Death Foretold (Gabriel García Márquez) and The House of Bernarda Alba (Frederico García Lorca) :: essays papers

Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and â€Å"The House of Bernarda Alba†, by Frederico Garcà ­a Lorca People will do and say almost anything to protect their reputations. Their reputations become such a large part of their lives that their thoughts and actions revolve around protecting and maintain them. In Chronicle of a Death Foretold, by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez and â€Å"The House of Bernarda Alba†, by Frederico Garcà ­a Lorca, the characters focus their lives on building and maintaining good reputations. Bernarda’s life totally revolved around her reputation. The Vicario brothers got so caught up in trying to regain the family’s honor they were even willing to kill a man. Finally, In â€Å"In a Grove†, by Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Tajomaru, Takehiko, and his wife all took credit for Takehiko’s death. They did this to receive some honor and try to better their reputations in a tough situation. Bernarda dedicates her life to insure that her family has a good reputation. She acts like this because she cares so much about what other people think of her. Bernarda is constantly regulating the things that her daughters can and can’t do. After their father’s death Bernarda wants to stick with tradition so she tells her daughters, â€Å"[d]uring our eight years of mourning no wind from the street will enter this house!† She is forcing her daughters to shut out whatever social life they had to stay in Bernarda’s â€Å"prison† for eight years and mourn their father’s death. She forces her daughters to stay in the house because she thinks that if she lets her daughters out people will think that they are not sad about their fathers death and Bernarda doesn’t want to give people a reason to talk about the family. Bernarda is so concerned what the neighbors think about the family that she tries to make sure that none of the familyâ₠¬â„¢s business leaks out of the house, so the neighbors won’t have anything to talk about. During a dispute in her house she says, â€Å"[t]he neighbors must have their ears glued to the walls.† She is terrified that the neighbors may have heard something and now they will have something to gossip about. Bernarda is so concerned about the image of her family that other people see, she even tells her family what to wear. When Bernarda’s daughter Martirio is going to go out into the courtyard, Bernarda says, â€Å"[v]ery well, but don’t take the kerchief off your head.

Psychological Perspectives of Understanding Essay

Introduction This booklet will introduce you to the main psychological perspectives to the understanding of a child’s behaviour development. Each perspective will be described in as much detail as possible, and the theorist that are linked to them. The main perspectives are; * Psychodynamic * Freud * Behaviourist * Skinner * Cognitive * Piget * Humanist * Rogers, Maslow, Cooley and mead * Social learning The psychodynamic perspective This perspective is very much based on the early work of Sigmund Freud. It is believed that behaviour is made from a child’s subconscious feelings, which all come from life experiences. It is viewed as a child’s problem as an outward and visible symptom of invisible conflicts. All the conflicts may come from trauma, loss, or from a strained/troubled relationship with parents or carers. Children do not have any inner resources that help them understand their feelings completely so they may be shown in inappropriate and difficult behaviour. Sigmund Freud said that â€Å"when a child’s too painful or too difficult feelings are left untalked about, they leak out in difficult and challenging behaviour or in neurotic symptoms.† The source of a painful feeling is buried under a defensive mechanism that is very hard to find in a child; because of this most children do not understand why they are behaving this way. A psychodynamic assessments are always carried out by psychiatrist as they use techniques that are designed to provide an insight into their past. To do this they use the response of the child to make inferences about sub-conscious motives for behaviour. Once they have understood the child’s behaviour the psychologists will start an intervention which will help the child express their feelings instead of it coming through their behaviour. These can be done through the following;  * Build a supportive relationship with a significant adult * Help the child to talk about what they are feeling in an secure environment * Express painful feeling through drama, storytelling, play or cartoons The behaviourist perspective This perspective is based from the work Skinner. It was said â€Å"Law of Effect† is the behaviour that leads to strengthened behaviour which is ignored or unsatisfying which is all weakened. Behaviourists claim that all behaviour of children are learned and can be changed by systems, such as rewards or punishment. There are two types of rewards behaviourists use, these are informal and formal. * Informal – acknowledgement or praise * Formal – clear targets for example stickers, tokens or points which all then lead to bigger rewards. The behaviourists also claimed that the behaviour requires a scientific approach which is completely based on objectivity and experimentation. The methods they were use were considered to be unscientific, so instead it was all placed on observations on their behaviour rather than a searches for the cause of the behaviour through the child’s past. Behavioural assessments in schools involve observation and recording of a child’s behaviour. When they are observing it is all taken down on an observation checklist, which includes the following titles; * Antecedent * Behaviour * Consequences All this is then used to form a baseline for a post-intervention can be assessed. The Cognitive perspective This perspective shows how a child’s develops understanding what is around them. This refers to different mental activities such as; * Listening * Speaking * Learning * Understanding All the theories of cognitive development concentrate on developments of  their intellectual skills. All the skills that we have are the ones that have been learnt through cognitive development. If none of the children have cognitive skills then they wouldn’t be able to put past experiences or plan future events, cognitive development is very much concerned with how the mental processes work and develop. There were two psychologists who studied cognitive development, there name was Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Jean Piaget was a psychologist who looked at a child’s developing their reasoning skills. Piaget carried out detailed observations of them and as his work started taking shape on how our understanding a child’s intellectual skills and as a result of this he has made changes in education. Piaget understood that cognitive developments occurred in stages, his research concentrated on how children learn and start to gain an understanding of their stage of development to be able to learn new concepts. He identified a four-stage process of cognitive development all the way through childhood. He stated that every child would go through each stage but not at the same time, but he also said that some children would sometimes never reach the later stages. The four stages are; * Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years) * Children at very young ages start to learn by their own activity and movement. Everything babies touch or see they put into their mouths or hold them tight and they examine them closely. A child develops an understanding through something called schema. Schema is a mental construction which contains all the information a child has about a particular aspect of the world. * Pre-operational stage (2-7 years) * At this stage children start to show evidence of thinking but it’s not logical thinking, they are not able to perform mental operations. Children will start to use symbolic behaviour such as pretend play, language and drawings. * Concrete operations stage (7-11 years) * At this stage children are able to understand any ideas in a much more logical way but they sometimes still find it hard to understand concepts. * Formal operational stage (age 12 to adult) * At this stage children are able to think in a way which is more abstract and logical way, they can use reasoning skills; they are applying a general principle to a particular situation. Children are more flexible in the way they think. There are two people who have been highly interested in cognitive styles of therapy. Aaron Beck and Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck has used methods of cognitive behavioural therapy to treat many people who have or are suicidal, depressed or may have personality disorders. Whereas Albert Ellis looked at the different ways to change their behaviour my using methods of Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy, he used this to show his patients that their feelings were results of different habits by conditioning rather than being realistic. Therapists that use this approach use training and role-play techniques to modify their behaviour. The humanist perspective This perspective makes positive aspects of development and growth, this emphasises a person’s unique experiences to a personal thoughts. There are four psychologists that are specialised in this perspective, these four are; * Carl Rogers * Rogers developed the concept on self-esteem. According to him everyone has an idea of what someone’s ideal self should be. He believed that if your image of your self is the same as your ideal self then you have good self-esteem. Rogers said that the development of self-esteem all depends on positive regard from others, the effect of a child’s self-esteem will come from their parents’ unconditional love and affection. Children will start to cope with different situations as they get older, for example a sense of achievement or failure in either sports or their educational skills. Rogers also considered cultural factors, gender and physical attributes to come to his conclusion. * Abraham Maslow * Maslow’s theory is based on individuals that are being motivated through seeking to develop through five levels of need. The most basic needs are physiological which are survival instinct, which is then followed by safety needs, belonging and loving needs, self-esteem needs and at the very top is personals achievements and growth. * Cooley * Cooley proposed â€Å"looking glass† theory, which means that the behaviour from children to others acts like a looking glass which gives us a reflection of ourselves. It raises people’s self-esteem. * Mead * Mead had the view that everyone has two aspects â€Å"I† and â€Å"me†. This means that â€Å"I† is the social responses of individual and â€Å"me† being the responses and attitudes of others. It was important of the communication with others for the development of self-esteem. The Social learning perspective Social psychology looks at aspects of development such as behaviour such as being in a group, leadership, non-verbal behaviour and aggression. The social perspective looks at the environment, interactions with others that have influenced the child’s behaviour and attitudes. Bandura theory emphasises on the environment and the social steps of learning. His view is that it would be part of a child’s self development, is what they have observed and imitated from people around them.

Christian Family Center School Essay

Domingo St. Barangay Holy Spirit, Quezon City is composed of Elementary and high school. Christian Family Center School Foundation uses manual way in operating their library. Library is regarded as the brain of any institute; many institutes understand the importance of the library to the growth of the institute and their esteem users (students). Library system that offers many flexible and convenient features, that allows librarians and library users to maximize time and efficiency. Library System gives the all detailed information about students, staff and books. It will track on the how many books available in library and books issued to the students. It shows popular book among the students. It will provide book lost in library. Library is derived from the old French â€Å"libraries† which means â€Å"a collection of book†. Reading materials in a school are stored in libraries. The Library is a place in which books and related materials are kept for use but not for sale. It is also organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individual. In addition, it is a place in which we get information in different formats and from many sources. The library must be neat so that it is conducive for learning. It is the place where students and researchers go to in order to find all the questions to their queries and ultimately find answers. It is therefore the role of a librarian to keep the place as clean and as orderly as possible. It is also his duty to keep safe all information related to library transactions like the ins and outs of books. Statement of the Problem Based on the conducted interview and observations, the group had come up with the following problems being encountered by the project. The study seeks to answer the following problems: 1. They spend more time in recording the inventory of the books and also in recording the transactions of borrowing. 2. Possible of losing the records. 3. The authorized person exerts more effort in this manual ways. 4. The records are unorganized. Objectives of the Study The following are the objectives aimed by the researchers to create a useful Library Management System to the proponents, Christian Family Center School Foundation. 1. To be able to develop a system that helps the school library to secure the information/data inputted. Only the authorized person can access the system. 2. To be able to minimize the time and effort of the person who is in charge in searching books. 3. To be able to minimize the possibility of losing the data. 4. To be able to have an organized data in library. Scope and Limitations The scope of the program is you can easily record the books being barrowed by the students. It also has a very user-friendly interface. Thus the users will feel very easy to work on it. The software provides accuracy along with a pleasant interface. Make the present manual system more interactive, speedy and user friendly. The transaction reports of the system can be retried as and when required. Thus, there is no delay in the availability of any information, whatever needed, can be captured very quickly and easily. Although this proposed system benefits the users, it also has its limitations. First the system is connected into a network. Only one can computer at a time can access the system. Second, the person that can access the system is limited (Librarian/Staff). Significance of the Study This IT project intends to provide an accurate and effective Library Management System which will benefit the following: Librarian/Staff, the librarian handles the monitoring of information in the library. It will lessen the time, enhance the level of work, help its processes more reliable and efficient, and provide accuracy and security of data information. Students, students can borrow and return books in the library. It will make the process of borrowing and returning books easier. CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY This chapter presents the related literature and studies, local and foreign, that gives bearing to the present study. Local Literature According to Malnig (1991), online research began more than 25 years ago with convoluted and cumbersome searches through Dialog. Operational long before the common place use of the internet, the EarMest Dialog system was completed in 1996. It was world’s first online information retrieval system to be used globally with materially significant databases and for the use in libraries. However, it was said that it has a more technical interface than the newer versions on online libraries, and the manual library system. Biggs and Biggs (1987) conducted a survey of the heads of academic library reference services to examine the collection development for the study titled â€Å"Reference Collection Development in Academic Libraries: Report of a Survey†. It was found that selection and weeding were not guided by any written policy and studies of use of collection were missing. Authors concluded that online sources were important factors in selection. Harloe and Budd (1994) in â€Å"Collection Development and Scholary Communication in the Era of Electronic Access† examined the relationship between collection development and system of scholarly communication in academic library. They discussed on ownership verses access to information and presented strategies for collection development in electronic networked system. Sridhar (1995) wrote an article named â€Å"Problems of Collection Development in Special Libraries†. He explored the various factors affecting collection development in special libraries and highlighted the significance of collection development policy manual. Author pointed out the various problems related to document selection and procurement. Andrade and Vergueiro (1996) also wrote an article under title â€Å"Collection Development in Academic Libraries: A Brazilian Library’s Experience†. The article is based on the collection development practices of a Brazilian academic library. Authors outlined the different models of collection development given by professionals. Haider (1996) in his paper â€Å"Acquisition and Collection Development in Pakistan† analyzed the constraints faced by Pakistani libraries in the procurement of books from abroad. Lack of proper management, absence of competent personnel, non-existence of acquisition policy statements, non-existence of selection aids, ever shrinking library budgets, fluctuating rate of the rupee, inflation, import policy, trade embargoes against some countries, fiscal policy etc. were the major hurdles found. Foreign Literature According to Britannica Online (2010), the word library derives from Latin â€Å"Liber†, which means â€Å"The Book†. The origin of libraries dates back around 3rd century B. C in Babylonia, where keep written records which has been part of their history. The first libraries as a collection of books were evidenced in Greek temples and those established in conjunction with Greek schools and philosophy in 4th century B. C modern libraries usually contain periodicals, microfilms, tapes, videos, compact discs, and other materials in addition to books. Dewey (1992), as cited by Pasilan (2000) defines in integrated library system as the one that bring together numerous library task into one system. It allows the library to have a direct on its automation with a great efficiency. It also allows the user to use the library data for the acquisition, cataloging and circulation of library collections. Hoffer, Prescott and McFadden (2002) defines a database as an organized collection of related data. They also defined data as known facts that are recorded and stored on a computer system are structured to be easily stored, manipulated, queried and retrieved by data users. Thornton (2000) â€Å"Impact of Electronic Resources on Collection Development, the Roles of Librarians, and Library Consortia†. Study was conducted to find the impact of electronic resources and the Internet on collection development and discuss the changing role of librarians, library co-operation and collection development. It had been concluded that consortia will become more important sources in electronic information world. Pandita (2004) in her paper â€Å"Collection Development in the Digital Era† examined the impact of electronic format on the collection development. She pointed out that the policy of content development needs to be worked out and re-designed. Mandal and Panda (2005) in their research paper titled â€Å"Collection Development in the Internet Age and the Need for a Consortium in the Engineering College Libraries in West Bengal: A Study† discussed the different dimensions of collection development. The existing state of library collection and infrastructural facilities of 17 engineering college libraries in West Bengal were examined. Author suggested the staff training, provision of adequate staff and funds, appropriate infrastructure in IT and a need based collection. Mulla and Chandrashekara (2006) â€Å"E-Resources and Services in Engineering College Libraries – A Case Study†. Study was conducted to examine the efforts made by the engineering college libraries in Karnataka to build electronic resources. Results of the study revealed that collection and service infrastructure of the libraries in sampled regions were not up to the mark and libraries were struggling to build digital collection and in disseminating digital information due to lack of ICT infrastructure, IT trained manpower and paucity of finances, etc. Adekanmbi and Boadi (2008) in study titled, â€Å"Problems of Developing Library Collections: A Study of Colleges of Education Libraries in Botswana† ascertained the availability and use of collection development policies in the college of education libraries, in Botswana. In addition to using questionnaires, interviews were conducted to gather information from senior librarians, deputy principals of colleges and board of the affiliated institutions of the University of Botswana. Study brought to notice that majority of the libraries did not have collection development policies. Lack of constant training for librarians, inadequate staff, lack of support from administration and unavailability of collection development policies were some of the major problems found. It was further found that majority of the libraries did not involve their users in formulation of policies and did not implement these for collection development. Study revealed the need to train librarians on collection development. Mary and Sankar (2008) â€Å"Collection Evaluation of PSN College of Engineering and Technology Library and PET Engineering College Library in Tirunelveli District†. Authors described the various techniques of evaluating the document collection in academic libraries and evaluated the collection development practices of two engineering colleges. Sharma et al. (2008) evaluated the collection development in libraries of 38 engineering colleges of Orissa under title â€Å"Collection Management of Engineering College Libraries of Orissa: An Evaluative Study†. Information was collected from libraries using questionnaires. Study concluded that  growing dissatisfaction of the users arising from non-availability of needed documents and lack of provision of services could be boiled down to some extent, by rendering at least CAS or current contents or information about latest addition to users. Mallaiah and Gowda (2009) in paper â€Å"Collection Development in Mangalore University Library: A User Study† discussed the usefulness of collection development in a university library and attempted to find whether the UGC-INFONET E-journals were meeting the users information needs. Local Study The developments in information environments implies that new collection development policies need to be revised from time to time to ensure access to a wider range of e-documents and e-databases. These policies should give more emphasis on licensing agreements, copyrights, intellectual access, the mode of payment, subscription costs and archiving. A number of attempts have been made by the university libraries and academic institutions to develop collection development policies. Suzanne D Gyesley (2001) reported that the escalating price and rapid growth in electronic journal databases along with traditional print subscriptions and monographs forced library administrators and collection development librarians to make decisions between printed products or electronic formats in the new millennium. A separate study was conducted at A&M University libraries, Texas, USA in the disciplines of political science and economics to compare the annual subscription prices and percentage increase of 203 core printed journals with their electronic counterparts during 1998-2000 academic years. The electronic use statistics were examined for the expensive serials based on the number of hits by the users. Based on this study he reported that libraries were forced to pay for dual subscriptions both for paper and in electronic form. It also revealed that faculty and students were satisfied with the use of e-journals. It also indicated a trend that libraries would switch to electronic format if the price of electronic journals dropped. Considering the question of what the present collection of libraries mean to the user in the current information environment. Collection analysis techniques educate and support the new library staff about collection and provide better data to determine collection development priorities for budget planning. It helps librarians to assist their patron’s search for information. The collection was evaluated using online analysis tools. Topics covered are about the importance of e-book collections, faculty participation in the selection for more balanced and comprehensive collection management plan. Their article lists out the benefits of conducting collection analysis. It revealed that collection analysis has a positive impact on collection development and management. Findings inferred from this study suggest that access to the collection were improved and some problems encountered with a particular collection were identified. Foreign Study Mukherjee (1965) carried out a study titled, â€Å"Library Facilities in Training Colleges of India† to assess the prevalent position of 50 teacher training college libraries. Questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Study revealed that majority of libraries did not have sufficient space for proper functioning. Some of teacher training colleges did not have their own libraries. Staff and students depended on the university libraries to which education section was attached. Naidu (1981) in his research paper, â€Å"College Libraries in Andhra Pradesh: With Special Reference to Andhra University† attempted to find the causes leading to unhappy situation of libraries. Author disclosed the gloomy picture of college libraries and suggested to lay down some norms and standards for college libraries by inspection commission of each university. He further suggested that at least 6% of the college budget should be spent on library. Author emphasized the need to give initiation to users in the beginning of each academic year. In an article titled â€Å"A Survey of College Libraries in West Godavari District† Raju (1984) explored the prevailing position of libraries of 18 colleges affiliated to Andhra University, Waltair. Various facets of libraries i. e. library staff, building, collection, book banks, budget and technical services, etc have been examined. Financial sources were found inadequate. DDC and AACR-I were popular among libraries. Survey revealed the immediate need to improve the services to meet information needs of students, teachers and research scholars. Kumbar (1986) took up a study named â€Å"College Libraries under ulbarga University Area: A Survey. † He assessed the existing situation and status of 54 colleges libraries. Besides using questionnaires, interviews were also conducted to collect data. Only one librarian possessed master’s degree in Library Science. Survey represented a disappointing picture of libraries as only 12 libraries had their own buildings. Libraries were spending more funds on books and comparatively less on periodicals. Library services were not found satisfactory. It was found that more than 50% libraries brought out annual reports. Jasmer Singh (1990) carried out research for doctorate degree on the topic â€Å"College Libraries in Punjab: A Statistical Analysis of the Problems† He conducted a survey to find the problems being faced by college libraries of Punjab and Chandigarh and also attempted to study the use of libraries. He covered 210 colleges under study, including five colleges of education also. Questionnaire-I was used to know about the prevalent position of libraries and problems being faced by librarians in managing these. Two separate questionnaires were used to know the opinions of students and teachers about their respective libraries. Bajpai (1995) in research paper â€Å"Evaluation of College Library Services in Delhi† assessed the services of college libraries in Delhi and identified their problems. He brought forward that librarians often found it difficult to deal with teaching and non-teaching staff members regarding return of books. For this, library rules existed only on paper and were not being implemented properly. Chopra (1995) revealed the problems being faced by college libraries of Punjab in his article titled â€Å"College Libraries in Punjab: Some Problems Re-Considered†. Article is based on the personal observations of the author. He grouped these problems into three parts i. e. problems related to the management of colleges, problems concerned with principals of colleges and finally those related to library staff. Shortage of staff, inadequate funds, physical facilities, circulation of books, stock verifications and library hours etc. were the facets discussed in paper. Martin (1976) in his article â€Å"User Studies and Library Planning† discussed the user studies and appraised their role in library planning. Author provided various guidelines for conducting user studies and concluded that user data strengthens the planning and decision-making processes at several levels, so the responses of users should be an integral part of the ongoing practice of librarians, providing constant feedback. Coker (1993) has written a useful article titled â€Å"Libraries Verses Users? How and How Not to Deter Library Users†. Author examined the various factors influencing the  attitude of users towards libraries and also took into consideration the socioeconomic, technological, physical/technical and psychological/ emotional conditions shaping up the perceptions of non users, inhibit users and potential users. Wildemuth (2003) in article titled â€Å"Why Conduct User Studies? The Role of Empirical Evidence in Improving the Practice of Librarianship† emphasized that by gathering evidences about library users, their interactions with library services and materials and context in which those materials and services are used, librarians can make sound decisions for the future. Author discussed on the methodology for conducting user studies and utilization of results as basis for decision making. Carr (2006) â€Å"What Users Want: An Academic ‘Hybrid’ Library Perspective†. Author described the development of user centered approach in academic libraries over the recent decades. He wrote that largely unquestioned ‘user get what we give them’ attitude was being transformed into ‘what do users want? ’ approach. The failure to take what users want into account would leave academic library high and dry in the desert of lost opportunities. Definition of Terms Used in the Case Study. 1. Library – is derived from the old French â€Å"libraries† which means â€Å"a collection of book†. 2. Librarian – the person who is in charged in the library. 3. Computer – is composed of the hardware, software and people. 4. Book – reading material. 5. Staff – the assistant of the librarian. CHAPTER 3 THE EXISTING SYSTEM The diagrams below represent the flow of the existing system of Christian Family Center School Foundation Library System. It shows also the Equipments and Software used. Context Level Data Flow Diagram of Christian Family Center School Foundation Library System. Diagram 0 – Next Level of Christian Family Center School Foundation Library System Level 1Diagram Showing the Decomposition of Process 2. 0 from the Level 0 Diagram Status AvailableBook Book Information Details of Books Student Receipt Equipment Currently Used, Specifications, and Cost The table below shows the Equipment and Currently Used, Specifications, and Cost of the Existing System. OFFICE SUPPLIES QUANTITY UNIT PRICE TOTAL Ball pen / pencil 15 10. 00 150. 00 Log Book 2 54. 75 109. 50 Paper Pack 5 75. 00 375. 00 Envelope 26 4. 25 110. 50 Stapler 1 85. 25 85. 25 Total: 830. 25 FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT. COST VALUE TOTAL Computer Package 26,975. 00 1 26,975. 00 Filling Cabinet 1,568. 00 1 1,568. 00 Electric Fan 800. 00 4 3200. 00 Chairs 280. 00 48 13,440. 00 Tables 850. 00 8 6,500. 00 Total: 51,683. 00 Software Currently Used and Cost The table below shows the Software Currently Used and Cost. SOFTWARE COST TOTAL Windows 7 1000. 00 1000. 00 Microsoft Office 2000. 00 2000. 00 Total: 3000. 00 CHAPTER 4 THE PROPOSED SYSTEM Methods of Research Used The proponents used RAD method by planning the requirements for the system and meet to assign the own task of the members of the proponents. The proponents give a date for deadline where the proponents will meet for the easier and fast way, the proponents talk through internet to compile their assigned task and finished the system. Data Gathering Instruments Interview is defined as a meeting to people face to face to cinfer about something or an act of a questioning to receive a desired answer that is necessary in solving a specific problem. Interview benefits the researches in the sense that this will be used in gathering facts. The interviews will be conducted on the July 12, 2014 and to that respondent who uses the system directly. The diagrams below represent the flow of the proposed system of Christian Family Center School Foundation Library System. Level 1 Context Level Data Flow Diagram of Christian Family Center School Foundation Library System Level 1 Diagram 0 – Next Level of Christian Family Center School Foundation Library System Level 1 Diagram Showing Decomposition of Process 1. 0 from the Level 1 Diagram 0 Program Flowchart Equipment Currently Used, Specifications, and Cost The table below shows the Equipment and Currently Used, Specifications, and Cost of the Existing System. OFFICE SUPPLIES QUANTITY UNIT PRICE TOTAL Ball pen / pencil 15 10. 00 150. 00 Log Book 2 54. 75 109. 50 Paper Pack 5 75. 00 375. 00 Envelope 26 4. 25 110. 50 Stapler 1 85. 25 85. 25 Total: 830. 25 FURNITURE AND EQUIPMENT COST VALUE TOTAL Computer Package 26,975. 00 1 26,975. 00 Filling Cabinet 1,568. 00 1 1,568. 00 Total: 28,543. 00 Software Currently Used and Cost The table below shows the Software Currently Used and Cost. SOFTWARE COST TOTAL Windows 7 1000. 00 1000. 00 Microsoft Office 2000. 00 2000. 00 Microsoft Visual Basic 2010 Express 1000. 00 1000. 00 Total: 4000. 00.