The Scoop with Ice Cream free essay sample

Many American movies feature girls crying over a bucket of ice cream with a super-sized spoon, watching netflix or a movie. People seem to eat ice cream when sad, happy, celebrating an event, or a eating a midnight snack. Ice cream has affected our world, in more ways than one might think. Discussing its cool history, the difference between ice cream and other frozen treats, and how ice cream affects our world today will help individuals understand the significance it plays in lives across the world. Let’s scoop into this thing we call ice cream. People today don’t seem to know the difference between ice cream, gelato, frozen yogurt, and sherbet. According to recipe4living by Kathryn Steed, there are a few distinct differences between these sweet treats. Ice cream is fluffy and uses around 10% milk fat, whereas gelato uses less butterfat and sugar, and is also more dense. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scoop with Ice Cream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Frozen yogurt is exactly what it sounds like, and has a lower fat content and calories, because it uses milk instead of cream. Lastly, sherbert has a small dairy content, around 1-2% and uses fruit based flavors. The two different styles of ice cream, consist of the French style and Philadelphia. The French style according to thekitchn is made with eggs, whereas the Philadelphia or American style, is not. Traditional flavors include strawberry, chocolate, and vanilla. Vanilla is the most popular, because it acts as a base and has a flavorable outcomein the publics eye. Ice cream can have many toppings, and whether it be in a float, banana split, on a popsicle stick, for a cake, and in a sundae, ice cream can be eaten in many ways. Ice cream has been used for coping mechanisms, for which it seems, since the beginning of time, which brings up a great question. What is the history behind it?The name â€Å"Ice cream† was created after a farmer took the cream from the cow, flavore d it, and froze it, according to foodtimeline by Lynne Olver in 2004. The literal translation means iced cream. Olver goes on to say that the first time the word iced cream showed up, was in 1688 in the Oxford Dictionary, but by 1744, it was changed to ice cream. King Tang of Shang of China, started putting syrup on snow, Alexander the Great put honey in his, and Marco Polo brought his recipe around the world. Jumping forward to 200BC, China started to freeze rice and milk which soon changed ingredients and spread around the world, according to icecreamhistory. By the year 1533 Europe got a taste of the sugary dessert, and in 1744 a Scottish colonist brought the recipe over to North America.George Washington spent over $200 in a summer on just ice cream, which is equal to $3,000 today. In the 17th century, the first ice cream shop opened in France, using milk, butter, and eggs, according to â€Å"Today I Found Out† by Emily Upton on June 16th, 2013. King Henry II, of France s oon passed the recipe to King Charles of England. King Charles loved his recipe so much, that when his chef told the public about it, he was immediately beheaded. The story of the chef being beheaded might make you churn, so instead let’s talk about the machines used to make ice cream. The Industrial Revolution inspired Nancy Johnson to invent a crank ice cream maker, according to inventricity. Her design featured two cylinder containers inside each other. The outside cylinder was used to house ice and rock salt, while the inside cylinder was used to store the ice cream. On top, would be a secure lid and a handle to mix. By mixing the rock salt and ice in the outside cylinder, it forced the ice cream liquid to freeze faster. When the ice cream would freeze faster, it not only made the ice cream colder, it also made it less work for individual making it. The crank model did help make ice cream faster and efficient, but only lasted until the electrical models were invented. Tod ay, there are two main electrical models, which include the self refrigerating and the freezer assisted. First, the self refrigerating model has a built in freezer and though it is normally less expensive, it makes very little ice cream. Next, is the pre frozen container or the freezer assisted, which has an attachable part that goes in your freezer, according to the website Icecreamnation on Dec. 7th, 2011. Another kind of machine used, is for Mexican or fried ice cream. This model is not as common as the the self refrigerating and freezer assisted model. Fried ice cream includes an incredibly cold pan, which they then pour the liquid onto. Now that we’ve talked about the differences between ice cream and many other treats, and the history of ice cream, let’s jump to another spoontaneous topic. Ice cream and ice cream brands, have not only affected history, but also the world we live in today. Brands such as Ben Jerry have taken their profits and used them for local, and not so local, organizations, according to their website. Other popular brands include Blue Bunny and Dreyers, which strive to better their companies. Ice cream brands, such as Ben Jerry, Blue Bunny, and Dreyers, have re-adjusted their prices over the past decade. Meaning a normal half gallon is approximately priced at $4.73 according to statista, whereas in 1960, the average price was 79 cents according to thepeoplehistory. The price of ice cream is growing and so is the amount of ice cream Americans are eating each year. The website fooddemocracy written on June 19th, 2011 says each American eats 24 pound of ice cream each year. Census states that approximatly 324 million people live in the US, which means, Americans combined eat over around 8 billion pounds per year! There are also other countries, oth er than the united states, who eat a lot of ice cream as well. According to quora written in April of 2011, there are 80,000(eighty thousand) privately owned ice cream, gelato, and frozen yogurt shops in the United States, bringing in $18 billion, and an additional $8 billion from the ice cream sold in stores. Each individual ice cream shop has multiple employees, which shows how significant it is to our economy, the workforce, and the rest of the world. The amount spent on ice cream by Americans, doesn’t include the most expensive ice cream sold. Fox News in April of 2015 says the most expensive ice cream sold, was $25,000, meaning $817 per scoop! That ice cream, has edible gold flakes along with many more expensive toppings. In conclusion, ice cream has been around for thousands of years, and is a popular dessert today. The industrial revolution had sparked Nancy Johnson’s mind to create the crank ice cream maker, and before that George Washington would eat $3,000 of ice cream in a summer. Americans eat over 8 billion pounds of it a year, yet some still can’t tell the differences. Whether it is on a cone, popsicle stick, for a cake or in a sundae, everyone seems to enjoy this cool treat. Two popular ice cream makers are the self refrigerating and the pre frozen, and two styles of ice cream are French and Philadelphia, the French with eggs and the American with none. Ice cream has changed a lot, since first showing up in the dictionary in 1688, but one thing that will never change, is the fact that using super sized spoons while watching netflix will always be pretty sweet.

Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy Essay Example Essay Example

Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example Paper Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Introduction Although meditation practices have been in use for over 3000 years they have only been introduced into Western society in the last half a century (Walsh 1995). Before the 1960’s meditation was rarely practiced and was widely misunderstood, labelled as â€Å"an attempt at psychological and physical regression. . . a sort of artificial schizophrenia† (Alexander et al 1946, cited in Walsh 1995: 388) by a well known psychiatrist. Recently, however, psychologists have become aware of the psychotherapeutic aspects of meditation. These aspects have proven to be so beneficial that meditation has even been controversially labelled by some as a form of psychotherapy (Walsh 1995). HOW MEDITATION FITS INTO THE DEFINITION OF ‘PSYCHOTHERAPY’ Contraversy over the labelling of meditation as a form of psychotherapy both arises and is resolved in the ambiguous nature of psychotherapy itself. The general definition of psychotherapy could be classed as: A formal process involv ing a professional and legally trained ‘therapist’ helping a person who has distress or disfunction in the areas of emotion, cognition, or behaviour. The therapist has a logical theory about how the problem developed and treats the patient in relation to this theory. (Based on Corsini 1995). Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Body Paragraphs Based on this definition some argue that meditation is not a psychotherapy because no professional therapist is needed, it can be be practiced purely on an individual basis (Walsh 1995). However, the above definition, although seemingly comprehensive, does not completely fit many Western psychotherapies that are formally acknowledged (Corsini 1995). One such therapy is Freud’s ‘self-therapy’ which involves looking into ones own inner psychological processes(Corsini 1995; Walsh 1995). A similar concept was developed by the founder of academic psychology, Wilhelm Wundt, it was called ‘introspection’ and involved the study of one’s own consciousness (Matlin 1995). Both ‘self-therapy’ and ‘introspection’ do not require a therapist and can be done individually yet they are still considered as valid forms of psychotherapy. Whilst meditation can be done alone, beginners usually learn the practice through a trained and skilled meditation master or guru. This meditation master can be seen to fit into the general definition of ‘psychotherapy’ mentioned above in that he often fulfils the same roles as the ‘therapist’ of western psychotherapy by dealing with his ‘student’s’ problems based on a logical theory. Like western psychotherapies different meditations are based on different theories and have different spiritual purposes. These different spiritual purposes do not seem to have different effects upon their psychotherapeutic benefits. All meditation techniques seem to have the same therapeutic benefit to the same specified disorders. THE THERAPUTIC ASPECTS OF MEDITATION Therapeutic aspects of meditation include relaxation, stress management, and management of some psychological and psychophysical (physical symptoms are affected by psychological processes) disorders (Bernstein, Roy, Srull, and Wickens 1991; Walsh 1995). Research has shown that meditation decre ases generalised and phobic anxiety disorders, it can also decrease drug and alcohol use and be beneficial to patients in psychiatric hospitals (Walsh 1995). Uses of meditation for psychophysilogical problems can be seen in its use in rehabilitation after heart attacks, treatment of bronchial asthma and irregular heartbeat, management of chronic pain, and reduction of high blood pressure (Walsh 1995). Psychologically ‘healthy’ individuals also benefit from meditation. They score better than non meditators on tests of general psychological well-being (Walsh 1995). Research has shown that they are generally more confident and have higher self esteem, marital satisfaction, academic achievement, creativity, and cognitive development than non meditators (Walsh 1995). Meditators also report higher self-actualisation (Walsh 1995), which is the strive to reach their highest potential (Matlin 1995). MEDITATION VS RELAXATION Taking the above into consideration meditation is no le ss a form of psychotherapy than any Western therapy. It should be noted, however, that many of the positive effects that meditation has on psychological and psychophysical problems, such as high blood pressure and anxiety, can also be achieved through various relaxation techniques and sometimes through hypnosis (Berstein, Srull, Roy and Wickens 1991; Matlin 1995). Even still, these techniques usually involve aspects of meditation such as following the breath. However, relaxation techniques can be seen as a psychotherapy of their own, and, just because another form of psychotherapy can produce the same results as meditation can, this does not mean that meditation is any less valid a form of psychotherapy itself. There are almost as many psychotherapies as there are disorders (Zimbardo 1991) many of these therapies also produce the same results and have similar success rates as each other but are not considered any less valid. PARALLELS BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN PSYCHOTHERAPIES Look ing at the theory and techniques behind Western psychotherapies and Eastern meditation practices it is possible to find parallels between disciplines. The theories and concepts surrounding Buddhism and Buddhist meditation, for instance, can be likened to concepts of cognitive psychology (a psychological field which believes that mental process and behaviour can be explained through cognitive process’ [Matlin 1995]). Like cognitive psychologists Buddhists see ignorance (avijja ), or false beliefs, as the source of all suffering (dukkha ) and believe the remedy for this suffering is understanding (pana ). (Johansson 1979; Guenther 1974; Bucknell and Kang 1997; Lecture 1998). Cognitive psychologists differ in their methods of correcting incorrect thought, some are more likely to instruct and lecture ‘clients’ in relation to the problem, others are more likely to encourage ‘clients’ to discover and test irrational belief on their own, many combine these approaches (Bernstein, Roy, Srull and Wickens 1991; Beck and Weishaar 1995; Matlin 1995). In Buddhist psychotherapy ‘students’ are also ‘taught’ the aspects suffering and incorrect thought as well as encouraged to look at personal experiences to gain an understanding of incorrect thought through meditation(Kiyota 1978;Walsh 1995). DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN PSYCHOTHERAPIES Although there are several likeness’ between certain Western psychotherapies and Asian psychotherapies such as meditation there are also some important differences. Firstly, in Asian psychotherapies the difference between psychological and spiritual healing is ill defined. Students partake in meditation to gain spiritual enlightenment, the psychological benefits are merely steps in reaching a higher goal. Western psychologies usually separate spirituality from psychology. Psychologists deal with processes that concern the physical world, they do not attempt to ‘h eal’ clients using spiritual methods. Secondly, Asian psychotherapies are belief based. Theories about psychological problems and there causes are not based on measurable evidence. Although the effects and stages of meditation are methodologically and consistently documented in religions such as Buddhism the theories and practices and the reasons for the effects have not been empirically tested. In most Western psychotherapies, excluding Freud’s psychoanalyctic method, theories can be empirically tested. For example, a social cognitive psychologist may believe that depression is caused by negative and pessimistic thought (Matlin 1995). The psychologist would test this theory, probably using a survey which determined pessimism. Comparing the results of depressive and psychologically ‘healthy’ individuals, the psychologist would be able to discover whether his/her theory was consistent. Perhaps the most greatest difference, however, is that all but a few the rapists in Western Psychotherapies see the ‘normal’, or average, psychological health as optimum and usually only ‘treat’ people who are below this level (Walsh 1995). Asian psychotherapies, such as meditation, on the other hand, believe that our current state of consciousness is far from optimum and aim to reach higher levels. They note that ‘our minds are usually filled with a flux of unrecognisable thoughts, images, internal dialogues, and fantasies that distort and reduce awareness'(Walsh 1995: 391). An example of this is the ‘day dream’ in which we lose track of the conscious world for a brief moment and slip into fantasy (Walsh 1995). In relation to this, Asian psychotherapies see the average psychological state as a psychological disorder which involves aversion, addiction, and ignorance (Walsh 1995). They believe that full psychological health is only reached when these three phenomena are abolished (Kiyota 1978) and enlightenment is reached (Walsh 1995). CONCLUSION Meditation has been interpreted and misunderstood in Western society until the last half of this century. Psychologists and the general public are only now beginning to realise the benefits of meditation, not only for spiritual, but also for psychophysical and psychological health. Controversy over meditation’s validity as a psychotherapy arises due to a lack of understanding about what a psychotherapy is as well as the fact that relaxation causes similar therapeutic effects. Although meditation does not completely fit the general definition of ‘psychotherapy’, other psychotherapies have also been seen not to . Relaxation can be considered merely another psychotherapy achieving the same means as meditation. Therefore, meditation is a form of psychotherapy. It even has close links with many aspects of Western approaches such as cognitive psychology. Meditation has some differences such as a spiritual techniques, a spiritual bel ief base of theory, and a different definition of psychologically health. These differences, however, do not make it any less a form of psychotherapy. The positive results meditation has upon certain psychological and psychophysical disorders are proof enough that meditation is a valid, consistent and effective means of psychotherapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Meditation as a Form of Psychotherapy   Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Goals Of The Monetary Policy Essays - Unemployment, Monetary Policy

Goals Of The Monetary Policy Goals of monetary policy are to promote maximum employment, inflation (stabilizing prices), and economic growth. If economists believe it's possible to achieve all the goals at once, the goals are inconsistent. There are limitations to monetary policy. The term maximum employment means that we should try to hold the unemployment rate as low as possible without pushing it below what economists call the natural rate or the full- employment rate. Pushing unemployment below that level would cause inflation to rise and thereby ruin the other objective--stable prices, economic growth, which is our objectives in the long run. Overall financial stability will lead to a better balance between consumption and saving that will make resources available for investment purposes, reduce changes in the economy created by the inflation in the past, and by the reactions of savers, as well as fostering high and sustainable economic growth; and contribute towards an investor friendly environment that will attract foreign investors to the country. Evidence has suggested that economies perform better, in terms of growth, employment and living standards, in low inflation environments than they do when inflation is persistently high. This evidence is a comparison across countries over long periods. The association between economic performance, measured by growth of output or growth of productivity, and inflation. This indicates a negative relation; that is, the higher the inflation, the lower the rate of real growth. Evidence suggesting that low inflation promotes growth has motivated recent decisions by a number of central banks and governments, most notably New Zealand. Canada, the United Kingdom and Sweden also have moved in recent years to establish monetary policy with official low inflation targets. Decisions to adopt a policy objective of low inflation suggest that other policy-makers are reading the evidence pertaining to inflation and growth as we are. Consistent attempts to expand the economy beyond its potential for production will result in higher and higher inflation, while ultimately failing to produce lower average unemployment. Therefore, most economists would argue that there are no long-term gains from consistently pursuing expansionary policies. Monetary policy can determine the economy's average rate of inflation in the long run. And that's important for the economy, because high inflation can hinder economic growth. For example, when inflation is high, it also tends to vary a lot, and that makes people uncertain about what inflation will be in the future. That uncertainty can hinder economic growth in a couple of ways--it adds an inflation risk premium to long-term interest rates and it complicates the planning and contracting by business and labor that are so essential to capital formation. High inflation also hinders economic growth in other ways. For example, because the tax system isn't in agreement with inflation, high inflation arbitrarily helps and hurts different sectors of the economy. In addition, it makes people spend their time hedging against inflation instead of pursuing more productive activities. Because the government can determine the economy's average rate of inflation, some commentators--and some members of Congress as well--have emphasized the need to define the goals of monetary policy in terms of price stability, which is achievable. One kind of conflict involves deciding which goal should take precedence at any point in time. For example, the government needs to be careful to avoid letting short-run temporary successes in preventing employment losses during recessions lead to longer-run failures in maintaining low inflation. Another kind of conflict involves the potential for pressure from the political arena. For example, in the day-to-day course of governing the country and making economic policy, politicians may be tempted to put the emphasis on short-run results rather than on the longer-run health of the economy. The government is somewhat insulated from such pressure, however, by its independence, which allows it to achieve a more appropriate balance between short-run and long-run objectives. When unemployment is high the policy that should take place is inflation should increase slightly to drive up prices in order to cause increases in output. When unemployment is below average and nearing full employment the policy that should take place is to slightly lower the productivity of the workers and therefore cause a decrease in the output. This would slow the economy down and into the ideal condition of maximum employment. When the production is at its maximum and unemployment at a minimum the government must raise the inflation rate in order to make sure that the situation stays where it is. It must be sure not to raise inflation too sharply or else everyone will be afraid to spend their money. The belief

Freeze Tag essays

Freeze Tag essays I just read the book Freeze Tag by Caroline B. Cooney. I thought that this book was excellent! This was one of the best books I have read in a very long time. This book was very supportive, and it told many more things about the characters, which is what I like because it made me feel like I actually know the characters. This book brought me into fear, sadness, and anger. I was first of all fearful for every single person that Lannie Anveill froze. Just when Lannie didnt get her way, you could guarantee that the person that was hassling her or giving her a hard time was already frozen. I also felt very sad for Meghan Moore. I felt said for Meghan only because for a little while, she lost the love of her life. The only boy that she had actually cared for, or even bothered to notice. When Meghan had West Trevor, she hardly noticed anybody else that was round. The only reason that I felt angry in this book was because of Lannie. I was angry because Lannie thought that it was ok to fre eze her mom, step-dad, and little kids. Lannie thought that it was perfectly fine, like that is what was supposed to happen. I just didnt understand why she froze people when she didnt get her way. The character that I liked the most was definitely West Trevor. He was a major part in this book. If he wasnt in the book the whole thing probably wouldnt have worked. He held up everything that went on, from things that dealt with Lannie freezing people, Meghan freaking out, and protecting people by going along with whatever Lannie said to do. One character that I didnt like so much was probably Meghan. In my eyes, I saw her as a whiney baby. All she did was complain about how much she missed West, the whole Trevor family, how boring her house was, and how mean Lannie was. I didnt like her because she should have stopped whining and took action. Actions speak louder than words, and I think that if s ...

Discussion Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion Topics - Essay Example During this period, the United States fought in the World War I. The war brought transformation in various parts of the country. World War I changed the American politics fully. This can attributed to demand democracy and servant leadership. At that period, the first two presidents made the office of the president a center of power (Charlie, 1998). The impacts World War I brought to the nation can be felt today. American is said to be most democratic state in the world. It is also the world’s leading superpower. The year 1919 is described as a year of savage peace. During this period, the American people battled injustices issues, racism and human rights (Charlie, 1998). The year experienced a number of strikes by labor workers, Boston policemen and steel industry workers who become more outspoken and demanding. People decried injustices against the black who were lynched mercilessly. Protests that followed the inhumane acts committed brought back co-existence in the short-run and unity amongst people of various races in the United States in the

Realist and Feminist Structures in Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Essay

Realist and Feminist Structures in Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper and Kate Chopin's The Storm - Essay Example Another similarity is the use of naturalist devices to construct both stories. Each story depicts the life of a single female protagonist who is mired in realistic situations that the reader can easily relate to. In addition to these similarities, both stories carry overriding feminist ideas and critique which essentially form the bulwark of both stories. This paper will compare and contrast both stories based on these structural, thematic and literary devices. The development of climax in both stories is gradual, uses symbols and both stories tend to end as soon as the climax is achieved. Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper depicts the protagonist as going mad over time as her husband John locks her up in her room. The author has chosen the yellow wallpaper as a symbol to reflect changing attitudes and mental state on the part of the protagonist. The yellow color itself is something that the protagonist tends to loathe from the first time she looks at it. As the story proceeds to i ts climax, the yellow wallpaper tends to indicate and enhance the climax. According to Gilman (Carnley 23): â€Å"It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw—not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things. But there is something else about that paper—the smell!† Again towards the end of the story (Carnley 26): â€Å"For outside you have to creep on the ground, and everything is green instead of yellow.† At the climax, the protagonist goes mad thinking that she just managed to extricate herself from the yellow wallpaper which signals and symbolizes the climax. The story ends immediately afterwards as the protagonist’s husband John enters the room and faints while the protagonist continues her mad movements across the room. This is comparable to Chopin’s The Storm where the author has used the storm as a symbol while she moves slowly towards the climax. The behavior of Calixta and Alcee tends to change as the storm develops gradually. At the start of the story, the author states (Gale 81): â€Å"She stood there with Bobinot's coat in her hands, and the big rain drops began to fall.† However, as the story is about to end the author expresses the character of the storm as (Gale 82): â€Å"The growl of the thunder was distant and passing away.† This indicates that the gentle rain at the start of the story developed into a large storm with thunder and lightning that subsided as the protagonists were done with their adulterous affair. What is noticeable is that the story’s climax is symbolized by a storm and that the story tends to end as soon as the climax is achieved. The end is again abrupt much similar to Galmin’s The Yellow Wallpaper. In addition to this similarity, both stories employ naturalist devices in order to develop the story. The characters and the imagery provided by either author are realist and the reader c an relate these characters and scenarios to common life with ease. The protagonist in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper is a common housewife while her husband is a physician and predictably they have a middle class background. The protagonist’s thoughts and emotions expressed in the story signify that she is an ordinary person like anyone else. The fastidious nature of the protagonist’s husband is also attributable to the trends of the time. In the late nineteenth century physicians were still discovering new methods of treatment and took their time to differentiate right treatment from wrong. The

Discussion of Sections 338 and 338 Election of the Internal Revenue Research Proposal

Discussion of Sections 338 and 338 Election of the Internal Revenue Code - Research Proposal Example Under Section 338, if a purchasing corporation acquires 80 percent or more of the stock of the target corporation in a qualified stock purchase then the election in Section 338 may be done to treat the stock purchase as an asset purchase. This election must be not later than the fifteenth day of the ninth month, after the month in which the acquisition date occurs. If however the purchasing corporation decides not to or fails to make such an election, then it will be a carryover basis in the target’s assets. Such an election in Section 338 will benefit or have an economic value to the purchasing corporation only â€Å"if the present value of future tax savings resulting from the ‘step-up’ in basis of the target's assets exceeds the current tax cost of such a step-up†. As explained by Silverman, in order to achieve this basis step-up, the target corporation must recognize the full gain or loss inherent in its assets.