Bone Conduction Technology Impact

organise conduction Technology ImpactGabrielle LauErin ToppingThe worlds skilfuls place be stard acoustically and as vibrations. acoustic trans complaint, too kn give birth as app auricleance conductivity, is d spindle that travels with the international ear. Through elevate conductivity, adept waves are transmitted to the inner ear by the cranial turn outs without travelling by means of the air in the ear canal (Oticon medical exam). Audiologists reckon im switch offment of these cardinal principles when creating realizeing aids for the deafen and realiseing im duetteed. Traditional acoustic air conductivity audition aids treat and amplify randomness appropriately to the go forr through the ear canals. Unlike air conductivity, cram conductivity involves bypassing the ear and resting on the bony prominence of the skin. vibrations travel through the prepares and into the cochlea where level-headed, including acoustic, is interpreted. disrespe ct air conductivity succeeding turn out conductivity in the hearing aid industry, jampack conductivity applied science offers many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) potential uses and enhanced safety. Inventions such as devise conduction sun eyeglasses and earph cardinals allow users to immerse themselves in medicine without muting environmental bottoms. Their ears would be dedicate to hearing car horns and hollers, thus preventing many injuries and deaths that were initially caused by earphones close up surrounding sound (Hsu, University of Maryland). Moreover, scientific studies assimilate also supported the concept, that lift conduction engineering science causes less misemploy to the ears than ear buds (Monks, The Audiology human foot of America). grind away conduction orientated hearing, as compared to air conduction orientated hearing, is a form of sound transmission that has greater potential for a wider multifariousness of uses.Air conduction oriented hearing is the standard sound transmission of the anatomy of ears. Sound travels through the ear canal, and next translated into vibrations by the eardrum. These vibrations then transmit through three piddling drums called the anvil, hammer, and stirrup iron in the middle ear which amplifies the sound. Lastly, the sound enters the cochlea lined with fluid and thousands of tiny tomentum cerebri cells that will transform the sound vibrations into electrical signals for the brain to interpret. Acoustic hearing aids commence technologically advanced tremendously with apiece aid handling miniscule microphones, processors, and receivers (Townsley). Sound is picked up through the microphone then processed into the specific hearing range of the user. For example, an air conduction hearing aid would pick up sound and strengthen racy or low pitched noises to explosion the hearing of the patient. Air conduction hearing aids benefit individuals suffering from cochlear damage, where the hair cel ls that draw hearing certain frequencies to the auditory nerve have deteriorated.Bone conduction oriented hearing involves bypassing the external ear and transmitting sound via the rams of the human body, preferably the skull. There are two types of hit the books conducting hearing aids, bone conduction bands and bone anchored hearing aids. Unlike bone conduction bands, bone anchored hearing aids involve penetrating the skin by surgically implanting a titanium a savement to the mastoid (Oticon Medical). A microphone sound processor latches to this implant in order to right off transmit sound as vibrations to the skull (Townsley). Bone conduction bands consist of a microphone, processor, and elastic band. These two mechanical components latch to the band that is worn around the patients head. The bone conduction hearing aid provides a solution to those with profound hearing passing with sensorineural damage, single-sided deafness, or atresia, a birth defect where individuals are innate(p) without an ear canal. This option of hearing has gained most recognition from its ability to foster the common condition, single-sided deafness. Individuals who suffer such, have an impaired ability to detect the fashion of sounds and to separate background noise to make sense of speech (Townsley). To keep down tinges of social isolation and exclusion from this, patients use specifically bone conduction hearing aids to regain consciousness of the position of sound and its source. Moreover, bone conduction hearing aids are used during hearing tests to get out whether a patient suffers external or sensorineural ear damage (Townsley).The use of air conduction is constant for those with normal hearing. Individuals with unobstructed external ear pathways and normal sensorineural function will automatically hear all sounds acoustically. Air conduction technology encompasses all appliances that allow individuals to hear sound. These include hearing aids, speaker units, head phones, speaker implanted into cars and computers, etc. A order of technology utilizes air conduction sound transmission, but the functional inclination of creating sound has non since presented any different potential uses.Though bone conduction technology has been around for centuries, modern developments have shown the magnitude of its use. Ludwig cutting edge Beethoven, born in the late 1700s, utilized sound bite principles to soothe music later on he threw a temper tantrum, fell over, and stood up to realize he had lost all hearing. By biting on a special rod tie to the soundboard on a piano that he could bite, Beethoven allowed musical vibrations to transfer to his jaw to increase his perception of the sound.(Ealy 143) Bone conduction technology has since advanced as a safety precaution for cryptical war machine operations and daily activities. British Aeorspace Sy musical themes constructed bone conduction inspired helmets allowing soldiers to hear comms over the o bstreperouslyest battlefield noises and bone phones, ear pieces to use for silent communication (Wood). The documented navy cachet raid that killed Osama Bin Laden stated the vitality of bone phones for that mission (Owen). The fundamentals of the bone phones have shifted to also accomodate citizens. In a direct conducted by the University of Maryland, it concluded that 70% of all transportation accidents involving earphones led to death. The macrocosm of bone conduction headphones henceforth came about. To promote situational awareness, users can listen to music through a headpiece that firmly sits transducers in front of the ear, on the cheekbones. Hollers and honks from surrounding cars will be heard by the user because their inwrought hearing sense is no longer depleted by an ear phone. Moreover, certain cell phone companies have begun to develop a bone conduction microphone. For busy men and women who must take calls on the go, but struggle to make their responses apparent and environment non-apparent to their recipient, this speaker will directly pick up the vibrations of their voice simply by resting on their head and transferring it to the phone to process and link to the recipient end. These products have been manufactured into articles of attire that can be worn on the head such as baseball caps and glasses. These developments prove that bone conduction technology is advancing into uses beyond the hearing impaired.Additionally bone conduction has been utilized as a selling gimmick. In the summer of 2015, a Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) in South Africa hoped to increase its relevance through creating a modern interior entertainment system. With the growing number of unsigned musical artists and the fact that KFC was non a record label, the fast food chain decided to pass piss record t up to(p)s (Chase and Brandt). They took advantage of bone conduction principles by engineering tables where customers would bottom their elbows on the table an d cup their hands on their ears to get a musical treat (Chase and Brandt). This soaring-tech addition collapseed outstanding results in job increased the average d wellspring time of the customer in salt away and widespread social media hype about the innovation as well as overwhelmingly positive feedback about the experience (Chase and Brandt). Bone conduction has hitd a new form of advertisement in an exciting and interactive way that it has been introduced into the public transportation systems in Munich and North Rhine-Westphalia. In 2013 peddle Go, a mobile streaming service, enhanced the glass windows of trains to transmit messages through bone conduction to passengers who lay their head on the window. This glass emits high frequencies that the brain processes into words heard by no one else on the train except for those who also have laid their head on the window. Information on weather, music, and advertisements transmitted into the commuters heads. Despite a Sky Go re presentative, Susanne Keyzers, claiming passengers were surprised but adoreed this new form of advertising, on camera reactions prove that bone conduction may not be the best fit for transit advertisements. Several passengers looked shocked then angry for not organism able to shut their eyes for nap while leaning against a window (Dicker). Though bone conduction has introduced an entirely new balance to the world of advertisement, manufacturers must recognize the line between voluntary interaction and invasion of privacy. For its invasive characteristics, the talk of the town window has opened an aspect of marketing known as guerilla advertising.Outside of practical and marketing use, bone conduction technology has also made strides in the recreational and quilt fields. Aquatic sportswear companies such as FINIS Incorporated have developed underwater headphones, dub pick out the Neptune headphones, through the use of bone conduction principles. This modern innovation mimics th e way whales and dolphins communicate underwater (Smith) by transferring sound as vibrations from an mp3 player to small pieces latched over the cheekbones. The music plays as if inside the users head, bad this new headphone a surreal (Smith) reputation. Another company that hoped to take advantage of bone conductions potentials uses was Google. In 2013, Google created its first Google deoxyephedrine prototype, a glasses gadget that could provide information to its user instantly by organism closer to the human senses (Warr). Essentially computer glasses, these gadgets included a bone conduction speaker to transfer information to the user regarding camera use, earnings information, map directions, or music. Due to its still continuing development, the Google codswallop has neer been sold to the public. The head Glass coordinator, Tony Fadell, spoken out that several versions of Google Glass are being made for different situations. Currently, an Enterprise Edition exists which a imed at businesses in healthcare, manufacturing, and energy industries. And beyond that, bone conduction has become a player in the comfort industry. Integrated Listening Systems built a Dreampad bone conduction pillow in 2014 (Kooser). The Dreampad consisted of several bone conduction speakers fitted into all sort of pillows to jockstrap sing users into a pleasant slumber. Their address audiences encompassed those diagnosed with insomnia and those who wish to listen to music or audiobooks to sleep while their bed buddy may prefer complete silence. By using a very subtle sound bone conduction based approach, the Dreampad soothed community to sleep. The expanse of bone conduction technology from underwater workouts to inducing sleep, play up its many uses as compared to air conduction technology.Not only does bone conduction offer a new take on empty items, it also has become a vital part of entertainment experiences for the deaf community. Recently, the world famous DJ Martin G arrix and the soda brand 7Up teamed up to create a Concert for the Deaf. In cooperation with Fake Love, Martin Garrix and 7UP created a concert for the deaf that utilized a variety of tactile experiments and features to give participants the experience of feeling their music (Meadow). The project involved the construction of numerous vibrating speaker cones and magnify flooring, revolving around bone conduction principles, so that the deaf attendees would be able to interact and physically feel the music around them. Visuals were paired to water experiments that the music itself brought to life, creating a completely seamless and encompassing audio and visual experience(Meadow). The designers of this concert created plexi-glass boxes with a thin base level of water. Attached to the bottom, were lights and vibrating speaker cones that vibrated the water at different frequencies. These vibrations accompanied the visual projections and ultimately the overcome played by Martin Garrix . Some attendees were also fitted with Subpac-like backpack systems that conveyed bass passim the body (Meadow). The project thoroughly utilized bone conduction principles in order to gear a musical concert to an all-deaf audience. Though the vibrations could not be perceived as sound because of the audiences complete auditory deafness, the vibrations could be picked up by the bones of the human body in rhythms perceptible to the brain. And the results succeeded expectations. People of all ages who had never heard a sound in their entire lives or for many years enjoyed a night of electronic music and dancing to beats that literally flowed through their bodies. Bone conduction technology can create new cheats, but it can also be a fundamental principle in creating life experiences that yield lasting adds of joy and happiness.Some may argue that although bone conduction technology offers a spectrum of uses, its tonicity does not permit it to reach serious potential. Many online reviews of bone conduction inspired works such as Google Glass or the Dreampad are negative. Users usually feel dissatisfied with the vibrational sound being muffled and unclear, and for certain developments, users find them physically unappealing. A recent ordinary review on the Dreampad gave credit for its impressive technology but derailed it for its especial(a) application (Lovejoy). It also detailed the false sense of the Dreampads efficacy by discussing its limited research. The Dreampad advertising site claimed to have had performed a study with Columbia University. However, the study in its entirety included xxix people with only ten actually using the Dreampad pillow. Additionally, Lovejoy noted that the bone conduction music was almost painful to listen to and that the given podcasts were some(prenominal) muffled and quiet even at maximum volume. plainly, this demonstrates only one heavily studied and documented opinion. For the Google Glass, a plethora of complaints and criticisms arose. Initially this invention held highly regard, being named one of TIME magazines surmount Inventions of the Year as well as receiving an astounding number of pages in several popular magazines, being referenced in popular television shows, and even premiering on the runway for sensitive York Fashion Week. But within a year it began its descent into infamy. Its initial exclusivity made it far more desirable and consider in society. Once technology reviewers got a hold of a pair and two tested and deconstructed it, Google Glass met its down perch. Major criticisms revolved around the creaky bone conduction sound system, abysmal battery life, its plague of cyber-bugs, and limited use (Bilton). Google Glass recording abilities made it banned from bars, movie theaters, and casinos. Despite bone conduction technologies good intentions to thrust humanity into the possibilities of the next, its overall quality has kept it from truly progressing.Clearly, bone condu ction offers a great variety of uses. However, it is not necessarily the better option compared to air conduction both in quality and health. As stated earlier, bone conduction inventions have faced excessive criticism concerning the sound quality and whether or not it is effectively portraying sound to those with hearing disabilities. A common misconception, is that bone conduction is a less risky form of headphone and accordingly healthier. Headphones that are bone conduction oriented will pass sound through the skull and straight to the bones of the middle ear to the cochlea. Likewise, sound that is transferred through air conduction will pass through the ear canal, ear drum, middle ear bones, and the cochlea. Either way, both still put the hair cells of the cochlea at risk when playing loud music. Listening repeatedly to loud volumes will lead to damage of the cochlea no matter what kind of hearing technology.Air conduction and bone conduction principles have led to a vast amou nt of advancements in many aspects of life innovations in hearing, business safety, the work place, and even personal comfort. The limits of acoustic sound application stem from the primary purpose of giving off sound for those of normal hearing. As compared to bone conduction, air conduction does not offer as many potential uses or variety of applications. Through the developments of bone conduction headphones, military helmets, glasses, tables, and even pillows one can truly see the possibilities of bone conduction. And beyond tangible objects, bone conduction has played a role in ensuring the safety of pedestrians and bikers and creating impactful memories of hearing and feeling music. Although there are currently many shortcomings, I believe that bone conduction technology has the call off of making countless technological advances in the future. Bone conduction oriented hearing, as compared to air conduction oriented hearing, is a form of sound transmission that has greater potential for a wider variety of uses.Bone conduction technology has massively expanded in its uses. Now reaching far beyond the hearing aid market it was originally intended for headphones that help ensure safety, and pillows that play silent music to help the user fall asleep. It has greatly transcended the cell phone company market by pass new ways to add clarity and efficiency to calls. Bone conduction has even reached the battle field, by being implemented into military helmets. Soldiers can now clearly receive and understand orders from their commander over the ruinous sounds of cannons, guns, tanks, or aircrafts. It has also become greatly useful in secret operations. By having a slim bone conduction piece attached to the arm, agents are able to communicate silently in the most physically unobvious way without any headpiece or audible sound. And after defense, bone conduction has been monumental in helping the deaf hear. In a recent concert and commercial put on by 7 Up Sod a, the public was able to see how bone conduction speakers and platforms were able to transmit sound to deaf individuals so that they may enjoy a full on visual and physical musical experience. But despite its success and high regard by society, it does have its own shortcomings. Users of bone conduction products have found much fault in its quality as well as its overall efficiency. Reviews on the Google Glass and Dreampad yielded not the most gentle remarks. Critics also point out the use of bone conduction as guerilla advertisement, specifically in the talking window campaign in western Europe. Its invasion of privacy and haywire application by Skygo have somewhat downscaled the popularity of bone conduction. However, seeing the amount of things it can do and accomplish, the multiple inventions made, I have believe that the future of bone conduction technology is promising. The potential uses bone conduction technology has are boundless, and I believe will be vital in the develo pment of future inventions and discoveries.Works CitedBilton, Nick. Why Google Glass Broke. The New York Times. The New York Times, 04 Feb. 2015. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Chase, Pete, and Adam Brandt. Sound Bite Interactive Record Table. Best Ads on TV. YUM Brands. 20 July 2015. Web. 01 Feb. 2017.Dicker, Ron. Train Window Ads Vibrate Into spike Via Bone Conduction As You Lay Head Against Glass (VIDEO). The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 03 July 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Ealy, George Thomas. Of Ear Trumpets and a Resonance Plate Early Hearing acquired immune deficiency syndrome and Beethovens Hearing Perception, Vol. 17, No. 3 (Spring, 1994), pp. 262-273, University of California Press. 27 Nov. 2011. Print. 01 Feb. 2017.Greer, Ray. Bone Conduction Headphones Safety and What to Know. Best of Life Magazine Co. 16 Feb. 2016, pp. 15-20. 01 Feb. 2017.Hsu, Christine. Serious Injuries and Deaths Caused by Headphones Have Tripled Since 2004. Injury Prevention (2012) n. pag. Medical Daily. U niversity of Maryland, 17 Jan. 2012. Web. 01 Feb. 2017.Kooser, Amanda. I let a Bone-conduction take a breather Sing Me to Sleep. CNET. N.p., 25 Nov. 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Lovejoy, Ben. Review Dreampad, the Bluetooth Pillow Speaker with Impressive Tech but Limited Application.9 to 5 Mac. 13 Jan. 2017. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Meadow, Matthew. Martin Garrix Proves He Has A Heart Of Gold In emotionally Charged New Video. Your EDM. LLC, 18 Mar. 2016. Web. 09 Mar. 2017.Monks, Kieron. Bone Conduction Get apply to the Voices in Your Head. CNN. Cable News Network. 29 May 2014. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Oticon Medical .How Bone Conduction Hearing Systems Work. How Bone Conduction Works. Oticon Medical, n.d. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Owen, Mark, and Kevin Maurer. No Easy Day The Autobiography of a Navy SEAL The primary Account of the Mission That Killed Osama Bin Laden. NY, NY Dutton Penguin. 2012. Print. 01 Feb. 2017.Smith, Jennifer. Incredible Underwater Headphones That Transmit euphony to Swimmers Ears by Vibrating Sound through Their Cheekbones . Daily Mail Online. Associated Newspapers, 30 Sept. 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Townsley, Christopher. Professional Audiologist Interview. Personal interview. 30 Jan. 2017.Warr, Philippa. Google Glass to Use Bone Vibration Instead of Traditional Headphones.WIRED UK. WIRED UK, 23 May 2016. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.Wood, Anthony. soldiery Helmets Could Soon Feature Bone Conduction Comms. New Atlas up-to-the-minute News. Shutterstock. 10 Sept. 2015. 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