Demographic Profile of Diabetic Patients

Demographic Profile of diabetic PatientsINTRODUCTIONBackground of the StudyIn the last some decades, the valet de chambre preponderance of diabetes among adults collapse increased more than twice, and expected to ascend to 380 million by 2030, harmonize to a report from the InternationalDiabetes Institute.1 About 3.4 million, roughly 4.6 shargon of the total population in the Philippines argon diabetics. This figure is expected to filch to 7.8 million in the next 15 years.2Despite such lofty incidence, aw arness on diabetes, its complications and treatment remain major ch in allenges, particularly in developing countries such as the Philippines. Prevention through enduring information is instant because the burden of ailment on healthcare and its economic implications are of great magnitude. thither is a signifi sternt amount of evidence that patient education is one of the most effective way to lessen the complications of diabetes. 3,4,5,6 When twin with appropriate me dications, it is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality.3 Patient education is more in all probability to be effective if we get along the characteristic of the patients in terms of what they know about their disease, their attitude towards it and what they drill in their medications, diet and lifestyle.Very few studies has been made on our country to find the rife awareness, attitudes and practices among diabetic patients, 7,8,9 which can aid in the development of future health education interventions targeting the disease.In this take in, we lead determine the demographic characteristics of diabetic patients considering at the Diabetes Clinic of a ordinal hospital in Davao City and assess their level of fellowship, attitude and practices (KAP) towards Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the blood of KAP and glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients in an urban health care facility.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREIn the Philippines, the prevalence of diabetes accordin g to the NNHES (National Nutrition Health Survey) study is approximately 4.6-7.2%. This figure expands to 17.8% afterwards adding those who consume pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance or both) which has a prevalence of 10.6%. 2Therefore, one out of every 5 Filipino could potentially attain diabetes mellitus or pre-diabetes.As such, the increasing trend of its incidence rate is create alarm among medical practitioners, and among affected patients as well. In the context of an scare increase in the magnitude of type 2 diabetes mellitus in our country, the prevailing knowledge, attitudes and practices of these diabetic patients assume immense magnificence in the control of the disease.crosswise the globe, a number of studies have been done about perception and practice of diabetic patients10-14, especially in third world countries. An Indian study made by Mukhopadhyay, et al 2010, looked into the perceptions and practices of patients with Diabete s Mellitus Type II in a third hospital.11 In the Philippines, a similar study was done in the rural community of San Juan, Batangas, Philippines. A total of 156 diabetic residents were included as participants of the survey. Knowledge wees were relatively low, with an overall mean of 43%. There were also poor positive responses to attitude scale. The study emphasized the importance of evaluating knowledge, attitudes and practices as crucial means to understand observed behaviors and guide behavioral change.7According to the American diabetic Association, self management education is outlined as the process of providing the person with diabetes the knowledge and skill that is needed to dress self care, manage immediate concerns and make life style changes. 3 To achieve such effective self care, diabetic patients and their doctors should work hand-in-hand together. more or less studies have shown that self-care among individuals with type 2 diabetes had improved glycemic control a nd reduced complications 15, 16, 17.For race with diabetes, self-management education training is vital since diabetics and their families provide most of their care themselves. It is imperative that regular patient counseling and group education at action visits by health care professionals to help in improving patients knowledge and ultimately modify their practices. 19However, in our setting, adequate diabetes self-management education programs are lacking or weak in most government hospitals in tertiary care. Hence, results of this study could help us design our education programs targeting accepted groups or issues that needs further strengthening. question QuestionWhat is the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices and its sleeper with glycemic control among persons with type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes Clinic of Southern Phiilppines Medical sum total?Significance of the StudyThe study forget contribute to the understanding of the veritable status of diabetes care i n our local setting, and help in the implementation of programs that would address pressing needs in our patient education and management, ground on their knowledge, attitude and practices. It allow also help us site the connection of KAP and glycemic control, and further assess the impact of diabetes self-management in disease control.Objectives superior general Objective1. To determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients with type 2 diabetes in the Diabetes clinic of a tertiary hospital.Specific ObjectivesTo determine the demographic profile of the diabetic patients in the Diabetic clinic of a tertiary hospital in Davao City, in terms of old ageGenderHighest level of educational attainmentEmployment status succession of diabetesAntidiabetic medicationsCo-morbiditiesTo determine the association among patient factors such as age, sex, level of education, employment status, duration of diabetes, antidiabetic medications and co-morbidities and their level of know ledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding diabetesTo establish the association between the patients KAP and their corresponding glycemic control based on HBA1c levelsMETHODOLOGYResearch DesignThe study get out employ a clinic-based, cross-sectional analytic study design.Research SettingThis study ordain be conducted at the Diabetes outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in Davao City, from may 2014 to June 2014.Participants exclusively patients who are diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (T2 DM) who are pursuit consult at the Diabetes Clinic in a tertiary hospital for the period of May to June 2014.Inclusion CriteriaPatients must be a diagnosed case of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 based on the following criteriaPlasma glucose 126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) after an overnight fastFasting is defined as no thermal intake for at least 8 hours up to a supreme of 14 hours,orTwo-hour plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) during an spoken Glucose Tolerance TestThe test sh ould be performed as described by the World Health Organization, victimization a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water after an overnight fast of between 8 and 14 hours,orA ergodic plasma glucose 200 mg/dl (11.1 mmol/l) in a patient with classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (weight loss, polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia) or with signs and symptoms of hyperglycaemic crisis.Patient must have conscious consent.Exclusion CriteriaPatients who does not meet the criteria for T2 DM but are seeking consult at the Diabetes clinic Impaired fasting glycemia and Impaired glucose intolerance.Patients who have intelligence impairment and could not participate in the surveySampling ProceduresAll the DMT2 patients visiting the diabetes centre during this period will be identified using the convenient sampling method. Assuming that the prevalence of knowledge among Filipinos is 43% 7 and estimating the proportion within 95% confidence interval with 5% err or, the exemplar size is 168( Raosoft Sample size formula). information CollectionThe data will be collected by giving out pretested predesigned questionnaire to participants with informed consent. Pre-testing of the questionnaire will be done prior to the research proper. Relevant information from the participants will be gathered including age, gender, highest educational attainment, employment status, duration of diabetes, antidiabetic medications and co-morbidities. Questions pertaining to their knowledge, attitudes and practices will be given up in order to assess their corresponding levels. The KAP questionnaire will be adapted from a Malaysian study by Shu Hui Ng et al 15, Reality vs Illusion Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Diabetic Patients. The questionnaire has been utilize in previous KAP studies among diabetics and has proven to be a reliable tool. The self-administered questionnaire had a total of 25 questions (knowledge-14, attitude-5, and practice-6). Each c orrect answer will be given a score of one and the wrong answer was given a score of zero. Good knowledge attitude and/or practice will be considered if a patient attains 50% of the total score for each domain.To assess the relationship between KAP towards DM and the actual disease control, most recent(4 +/- 2 weeks) levels of HbA1c will be obtained from the patient records. HbA1C 7% is considered to have poor control of DM.A. Independent VariablesIndependent Variables include sex, age, educational attainment, contemporary employment status, co-morbidities, latest hba1c result.B. Dependent VariablesDependent Variables include levels of knowledge, attitude and practices data Handling and AnalysisThe principal investigator will ensure that all data collected in the study were of utmost confidential nature. Data analysis will be performed to ensure quality results using frequency, percentage, and statistical analysis.The chi-square test will be used to determine the relationship betw een KAP and t-test to assess the association between KAP and diabetes control. Spearman correlation test will be used to determine the association between knowledge and attitude, and between knowledge and practice. The level of statistical significance will be set at p